Topography of the Brain

Question 1

from what does the brain develop?

Answer 1

from the neural tube from ectoderm

Question 2

what ventricles are in the cerebral hemispheres?

Answer 2

the lateral ventricles

Question 3

what is the space within the diencephalon called?

Answer 3

the third ventricle

Question 4

what is the cerebral aqueduct?

Answer 4

the cavity in the midbrain that is the narrowest part (so there could be obstruction)

Question 5

where is the fourth ventricle?

Answer 5

between the pons and medulla, and the cerebellum

Question 6

where is the csf found?

Answer 6

inside the ventricles and between the pia and the arachnoid mater

Question 7

where is the csf formed?

Answer 7

by the choroid plexus (vascularised structure in the ventricles) but largest is in the lateral ventricles

Question 8

how is the csf absorbed?

Answer 8

by arachnoid villi (projections of the arachnoid membrane) into superior sagittal sinus

Question 9

where does the csf travel to the subarachnoid space?

Answer 9

three holes in the roof of the 4th ventricle

Question 10

what foramen does the internal carotid artery enter the skull through?

Answer 10

foramen lacerum

Question 11

what are the vertebral arteries branches of?

Answer 11

the subclavian artery

Question 12

how do the vertebral arteries enter the skull?

Answer 12

through the foramen magnum

Question 13

what two arteries does the internal carotid artery give off?

Answer 13

> anterior cerebral artery > the middle cerebral artery > the posterior communicating artery

Question 14

what does the basilar artery split into?

Answer 14

the two posterior cerebral arteries

Question 15

how do the two anterior cerebral arteries communicate?

Answer 15

with the anterior communicating artery

Question 16

what forms the basilar artery?

Answer 16

the two vertebral arteries joining together

Question 17

if one of the arteries to the circle of willis is compromised why does part of the brain not suffer ischemia straight away?

Answer 17

there is a reservoir of blood in the circle of willis keeping up the blood supply to the brain

Question 18

what does the anterior cerebral artery supply?

Answer 18

medial aspect of cerebral hemispheres (excluding the occipital lobe)

Question 19

what does the middle cerebral artery supply?

Answer 19

lateral aspect of the cerebral hemispheres

Question 20

what does the posterior cerebral artery supply?

Answer 20

the inferior aspect of the cerebral hemispheres and occipital lobe

Question 21

where are the two layer of dura not connected together?

Answer 21

where there are sinuses

Question 22

what fold of dura is on top of the cerebellum?

Answer 22

the tentorium cerebelli

Question 23

what fold of dura is in between the hemispheres?

Answer 23

the flax cereberi

Question 24

where is the sagittal sinus found?

Answer 24

in the midline between the two hemispheres, superior to the brain

Question 25

what sinus leads on to the internal jugular vein at the jugular foramen?

Answer 25

the sigmoid sinus

Question 26

where is the cavernous venous sinus?

Answer 26

either side of the sphenoid bone around the pituitary gland

Question 27

what vesicles does the neural tube develop?

Answer 27

> fore brain vesicle > midbrain vesicle > hindbrain vesicle

Question 28

what does the forebrain vesicle go on to develop?

Answer 28

cerebral hemispheres and diencephalon

Question 29

what does the hind brain form?

Answer 29

> pons and medulla at the front | > cerebellum at the back

Question 30

what does the thalamus do?

Answer 30

it is a relay centre for sensory information

Question 31

what part of the brain is a centre for involuntary reflexes?

Answer 31

the brainstem

Question 32

where are cranial nerve nuclei and tract pathways found?

Answer 32

the brainstem

Question 33

what is the cerebellum attached to?

Answer 33

the brainstem (not the hemispheres)

Question 34

what makes up the brainstem?

Answer 34

midbrain pons medulla

Question 35

what does the medulla continue on as?

Answer 35

the spinal cord

Question 36

what are the pyraminds?

Answer 36

sweelings either side of the midline on the medulla made from motor fibre tracts

Question 37

what is the point where the pyramid fibres cross over called?

Answer 37

decussation

Question 38

where are olives found?

Answer 38

lateral to the pyramids on the medulla

Question 39

what cranial nerves start from the medulla?

Answer 39

> IX > X > XI > XII

Question 40

what are peduncles?

Answer 40

connections to the cerebellum

Question 41

what does the inferior cerebellar peduncle connecting to?

Answer 41

the medulla

Question 42

what does your reticular activating system control?

Answer 42

the state you are in (asleep, awake e.c.t)

Question 43

what is posterior to the pons?

Answer 43

IV ventricle

Question 44

how does the pons connect to the cerebellum?

Answer 44

the middle cerebellar peduncle

Question 45

what cranial nerves originate from the ponmedullary junction?

Answer 45

VI VII VIII

Question 46

what nerves originate from the pons?

Answer 46

V VI VII VIII

Question 47

what is the central cavity of the midbrain?

Answer 47

cerebral aqueduct

Question 48

what are the cerebral peduncles?

Answer 48

motor neurons coming down in front of the thalamus into the midbrain

Question 49

what are the colliculi?

Answer 49

the superior and inferior colliculi found on the posterior of the midbrain are for reflexes

Question 50

what connects the midbrain to the cerebellum?

Answer 50

the superior cerebellar peduncles

Question 51

what is the black substance found in a section of the midbrain?

Answer 51

substantia nigra

Question 52

what joins the two lobes of the cerebellum?

Answer 52

the vermis

Question 53

name the lobes of the cerebellum?

Answer 53

anterior lobe posterior lobe tonsils