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Tourism Flashcards

(50 cards)

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1
Q

Honeypot tourism (places of scenic beauty) (2)

A

Grand Canyon, a national park in the USA

Small limestone islands in Halong Bay, Vietnam

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2
Q

MICE tourism (places with good facilities) (2)

A

The Marina Bay Sands - Asia best MICE hotel in 2011 & 2012

Suntec convention centre

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3
Q

Medical tourism (places with good facilities)

A

South Korea, popular for those seeking cosmetic surgery

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4
Q

Theme parks (places with good facilities)

A

Walt Disney World, Florida, USA attracted 17 mil visitors in 2011

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5
Q

Heritage tourism (places with rich culture) (2)

A

The forbidden city, Beijing, China

Buckingham palace, London, UK

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6
Q

Film-induced tourism (places with rich culture)

A

The Lord of the RIngs film set, Matamata, New Zealand

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7
Q

Pilgrimage tourism (places with rich culture) (2)

A

Western wall, Jerusalem, Israel (Judaism)

The Kaaba, Mecca, Saudi Arabia (Islam)

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8
Q

Dark tourism (places of conflict) (2)

A

Auschwitz, Poland

Nanjing massacre memorial hall, Nanjing, China

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9
Q

Government (promoting tourism) (2)

A
  • Singapore tourism board
  • Encourages the development of new attractions, such as river safari and integrated resorts
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10
Q

International organisations (promoting tourism) (2)

A
  • World health organisation (WHO)
  • Provided situation updates on Asian influenza (H5N1) from 2003 to 2013
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11
Q

Media (promoting tourism) (2)

A
  • Television, radio, newspapers, the internet
  • Tourists now aware of treks in the Himalayas Mountains, visits to Antarctica, long-distance cruises
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12
Q

Mass tourism (forms of tourism)

A

Since the 1970s, package tourism a major form of tourism

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13
Q

Niche tourism (forms of tourism) (2)

A
  • Whale-watching in Hawaii
  • Whitewater rafting and bungee jumping in NEw Zealand
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14
Q

Ecotourism (forms of tourism)

A

Waitomo Caves in New Zealand

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15
Q

Better and affordable transport (developments in technology) (3)

A
  • Budget airlines rapidly expanded within Europe, North and South America, and Southeast Asia since 1980s
  • E.g. Jetstar Asia and AirAsia
  • enabled travellers to go to Bhutan, Pacific islands, northern Thailand
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16
Q

Ease of access to info (developments in technology) (2)

A
  • online booking and research
  • surveillance, electronic checks and other safety controls research
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17
Q

Disposable income (demand factors)

A

Countries such as China and India have experienced rapid economic growth, growing number in middle/high income groups

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18
Q

Leisure time (demand factors) (2)

A
  • Since 1950s, shorter working weeks, more public holidays
  • In Australia, employees can exchange paid overtime work for leave, increased longer weekend breaks
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19
Q

Changing lifestyle (demand factors)

A

In Australia, group of retirees called the grey nomads spend much time travelling in mobile homes to explore parts of the country

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20
Q

Attractions (destination factors)

A

Dubai, United Arab Emirates, major destination between Europe and Asia, >15mil visitors in 2017

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21
Q

Investment in infrastructure & services (destination factors)

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A

Changi Airport terminal 4, which opened in October 2017, raised capacity from 73mil in 2013 to 82 mil

22
Q

Access to information (destination factors) (3)

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A
  • Transport routes and schedules
  • Weather conditions
  • Available accommodation
23
Q

Disasters (why tourism fluctuates)

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A

In March 2011, severe EQ and tsunami caused a nuclear meltdown in Tohoku, Japan. Tourist arrivals fell sharply in the month the EQ occurred

24
Q

Regional recessions (why tourism fluctuates) (3)

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A
  • European sovereign debt crisis
  • Started in 2010 when Greece was unable to repay its debt
  • collapse of businesses and financial institutions, massive unemployment
25
Global recessions (why tourism fluctuates) (3)
- Global financial crisis - Started when world’s largest financial firms went bankrupt in 2007 and 2008 - Many economies around the world slowed down or shrank
26
Political situations (why tourism fluctuates)
Tourist arrivals in Egypt fell from a peak of 14.7mil tourists in 2010 to 9.8mil in 2011 as it was hit by the Arab Spring Uprising
27
Diseases (why tourism fluctuates)
During SARS outbreak in 2003, hotel occupancy in Hong Kong dropped from 82% to 15%
28
Employment opportunities (economic impact)
In 2011, estimated over 235mil people employed by tourism industry, which is 6-8% of all jobs in the world
29
Growth in income (economic impact) (2)
- Fishermen on Pamilacan island, Philippines take tourists swimming with whale sharks and are paid US$80-100, a significant amount for average Filipino fisherman - Limitation: due to leakage, only 6% of revenue generated in Phuket goes to the Phuket economy
30
Development in infrastructure and facilities (economic impact) (3)
- Athens, Greece and Beijing, China, - Underground rail systems expanded to move large numbers of tourists during Summer Olympic Games in 2004 and 2008, - Continues to serve locals and tourists
31
Seasonal unemployment (economic impact) (3)
- In Sapporo, Japan, large number of visitors from Dec to Feb for Winter sports, - Mountain ski resort operators need to employ more people during winter. - Other times of the year, those employed in tourism industry have to find other sources of income
32
Under-use of facilities at certain times of the year (economic impact)
Some venues built for the 2008 Summer Olympic Games in Beijing, China reported to be deteriorating a few years after Olympics
33
Shortage of services (economic impacts)
- large amounts of water required to water the grass on gold courses or fill swimming pools - drinking water for nearby residents diverted to meet the needs of tourist infrastructure
34
Preservation of local customs and heritage (socio-cultural impacts)
Entry fees to Great pyramids of Giza, Egypt used to fund conservation efforts
35
Dilution of local customs and heritage (socio-cultural impacts)
- Tourists have to pay a heft fee to enter the village of the Kayan Lawhi women, Thailand - This causes tourists to treat the women as exhibits
36
Increased crime (socio-cultural impacts)
In London, UK, in 2010, Japanese tourists were approached by a woman pretending to be a tourist, her accomplices pose as police officers and request for the tourists’ credit cards
37
Conservation of natural environments (environmental impacts)
In Kenya’s nature reserves, a lion can generate US$70K a year while a herd of elephants US$600k
38
Vandalism (environmental impacts)
The Great Wall of China, which is visited by 10mil tourists annually, are covered in graffiti
39
Littering and pollution (environmental impacts)
Solid and liquid waste dumped into the Caribbean Sea by ships, causing pollution
40
Destruction of habitats (environmental impacts)
Egypt’s Red Sea coast receives 1.2mil tourists annually. Habitats of coral reefs damaged by swimmers
41
Carbon footprint (environmental impact)
Carbon footprint of a one-way flight from Singapore to KL, Malaysia is 30kg per passenger
42
Increased congestion (environmental impact)
In Rome, Italy, many older walkways and narrow streets are filled with tourists
43
Sustainable tourism (3)
- training locals to perform skilled tourism jobs - developing homestay accommodations - promoting local food and drink in restaurants
44
Tourists and locals (tensions) (2)
- Bali, Indonesia - many locals object to PDA, which some tourists perceive as acceptable
45
Tourists and the environment (tensions)
- Machu Picchu, Peru - ‘Inca Trail’ being eroded by 75K tourists that hike on it, and leave behind rubbish
46
Local communities (promoting sustainable tourism)
Villagers of Candirejo village, Indonesia set up a cooperative in 2003, with support from government
47
Visitors (promoting sustainable tourism)
In 2007, Tourism Sustainability Group encouraged tourists to select holiday destinations based on conservation efforts of the place
48
Tour operators (promoting sustainable tourism)
49
Planning authorities (promoting sustainable tourism)
Singapore Tourism Board implemented enhancements to cultural zones of Chinatown, Kampung Glam and Little India
50
Non-governmental organisations (promoting sustainable tourism)
Since 1990, The International Ecotourism Society has developed guidelines, conducted training courses related to tourism and environment

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