Toxic plant principles - the misfits (Gossypol, Resins, Unclassified)

Question 1

Gossypol plant

Answer 1

Cotton seed

Question 2

Gossypol MOA

Answer 2

Cardiotoxic and 2˚ liver damage

decreased male fertility by destroying seminiferous cells

binds protine, amino acids and iron

Question 3

Gossypol CS

Answer 3

Monogastrics > ruminants

Chronic - cardiac toxicity, male infertility

Question 4

What is a resin/resinoid?

Answer 4

A compound that is solid, semisolid, or brittle at room temperature

Diverse group of chemicals

Question 5

Resin plants (3)

Answer 5

Milkweed, Marijuana, China Berry

Question 6

Resin MOA

Answer 6

irritation of nervous or muscle tissue

Question 7

Alsike and Red clover MOA

Answer 7

hepatotoxicity, 2˚ photosensitization - Horse

Large dose = hepatic encephalopathy

Question 8

Alsike or red clover CS

Answer 8

lacrimation, photophobia, sloughing

(red clover pictured)

Question 9

Avocado MOA

Answer 9

Cardiotoxic - goat, horse, rabbit, caged birds

Non-infectious mastitis and agalactia (NA in birds…)

Question 10

Black walnut MOA

Answer 10

Ingestion of fresh shavings made from heartwood = laminitis

Question 11

Forage induced photosensitization plants (3)

Answer 11

Moldy alfalfa, red clvoer, moldy wheat (NP)

Question 12

Forage induced photosensitization MOA

Answer 12

liver damage = 2˚ photosensitization

Question 13

Grapes and raisins MOA

Answer 13

Dogs - acute renal failure

Question 14

Grapes and raisins CS

Answer 14

GI - vomiting, acute renal failure

Question 15

Lily plants (2) and MOA

Answer 15

Easter lily, Day lily

Cats - nephrotoxicity

Cats/Dogs - GI irritation

Question 16

Lily CS

Answer 16

GI, depression, Polyuria, anuria, death

Question 17

Pigweed MOA

Answer 17

Nitrate, Soluble oxalate, and unknown

Acute nitrate - methemoglobinemia

Chonic nitrate - aboriton

Soluble oxalate - hypocalcemia, kidney damage

?? - tubular nephrosis

*ruminants, pigs, horses

Question 18

Red maple MOA

Answer 18

Unknown (galic(?) acid) - hemolytic anemia, hemoglobinemia, heinz bodies

Due to oxidation of RBC? (theory)

Could lead to renal failure

Question 19

Senna plant

Answer 19

coffee senna

Question 20

Senna MOA

Answer 20

unknown myotoxin - skeletal m. myopathy and cardiomypathy

Anthrauinone glycoside - cathartic

*seed is most toxic

Question 21

Senna CS

Answer 21

Diarrhea, muscle weakness, myoglobinemia, coffee colored urine

Question 22

Yellow starthistle

Russian Knappweed

MOA

Answer 22

Equine nigropallidal encephalomalacia - Chewing Dz

Interacts with dopamine - death of dopamine receptors at the substantia nigra and globus pallidus

Question 23

Yellow star thistle and Russian knappweed CS

Answer 23

Sudden onset - inability to eat or drink, head down, drowsiness with intermittent excitement

Question 24

Macademia nut MOA

Answer 24

unknown - dogs

recover in 2 days

GI, locomotor, hyperthermia, pale mm.

Question 25

Mechanical injury plants (3)

Answer 25

Cactus, Jimsonweed, Cocklebur (pictured)