Flashcards in Toxicology Deck (49)
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Concerned with the deleterious effects of chemical and physical agents on all organisms
Toxicology
1
Deals with the chemicals found in the workplace
Occupational toxicology
2
Deals with the potentially deleterious impact of chemicals, present as pollutants of the environment to living organisms
Environmental toxicology
3
Concerned with the toxic effects of chemical and physical agents on living organisms especially in population and community within defined ecosystem
Ecotoxicology
4
Substance that occurs in the environment at least in part as a result of human activity in which has a deleterious effects on living organisms
Pollutants
5
The ability of a chemical agent to cause injury
Toxicity
6
The likelihood that injury will occur in a given situation or setting
Hazard
7
The only expected frequency of the occurrence of an undesirable effect arising from exposure to a chemical or physical agent
Risk
8
Three interacting components of ecotoxicology
Toxicants and poisons
Environment
Organisms
9
Routes of exposure
Industrial-inhalation
Atmospheric-inhalation
Pollutants of water and soil-oral ingestion
10
Single exposure occurring over 1-2 days
Acute
11
Long term exposure
Chronic
12
Environmental considerations
Degradability of the substance
Mobility through air, water and soil
Bioaccumulation
Biomagnification
13
Air pollutants
Carbon monoxide
Sulfur dioxide
Nitrogen oxides
Ozone
14
By product of incomplete combustion
CO
15
Generated by the combustion of sulfur containing fossil
SO2
16
Brownish irritant gas. Exposure to farmers
NO2
17
Bluish irritant gas occurs normally in the earth atmosphere.
Important absorbent of UV light
Ozone
18
Use as industrial solvents, degreasing agents and cleaning agents
Halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbon
-carbon tetrachloride
-chloroform
-trichloroethylene
-tetrachlorethylene
19
An intermediate in the synthesis of chemicals
Benzene
20
Aryl, carbocyclic or heterocyclic compunds containing chlorine substituents
Chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticide
21
Used in human and veterinary medicine
Organophosphorus insecticides
22
Inhibit acetylcholinesterase
Carbate insecticides
23
Insecticides derived from natural sources
Botanical insecticides
24
Herbicide used for destruction of weeds
Chlorophenoxy herbicides
25
Most important agent of bipyridyl herbicide
Paraquat
26
Drugs used to prevent or reverse the toxic effects of a heavy metal on an enzyme or other cellular target
Chelating agent
27
Oily, colorless liquid with a strong metacarpan like odor.
Single agent treatment of acute poisoning by arsenic and mercury
Dimercaprol
28
Treatment for poisoning by antimony, arsenic and lead. For the treatment of children with blood kead concentration greater that 45ug/dL
Succimer
29
