Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Autonomic Pharm > Toxins and Drug reactions > Flashcards

Toxins and Drug reactions Flashcards

(112 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Tetrodotoxin

A

Source: pufferfish
Action: highly potent, binds fast VG-Na+ channels in cardiac/nerve tissue (prevent depolarization)
Symptoms: nausea, diarrhea, paresthesias, weakness, dizziness, loss of reflexes
Tx: supportive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Ciguatoxin

A

Source: reef fish (barracuda, snapper, moray eel)
Action: opens Na+ channels (depolarization)
Symptoms: nausea, diarrhea, perioral numbness, hot and cold reversal, bradycardia, heart block, hypotension
Tx: supportive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Histamine (scombroid poisoning)

A

Source: spoiled dark-meat fish (tuna, mahi-mahi, mackerel, bonito)
Action: bacterial histadine carboxylase converts histadine to histamine
*Frequently misdiagnosed as fish allergy
Symptoms: mimics anaphylaxis–acute burning of mouth, flushing of face, erythema, urticaria, itching (may progress to bronchospasm, angioedema, hypotension)
Tx: antihistamines, albuterol/epinephrine if needed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Beers criteria

A

> 50 meds that should be avoided in elderly

  • anticholinergics, antihistamines, antidepressants, benzos, opioids = increased risk of delirium, sedation, falls, constipation, urinary retention
  • A-blocks = increased risk of hypotension
  • PPIs = increased risk of C. Diff
  • NSAIDs = increased risk of GI bleeding
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Acetaminophen tx

A

N-acetylcysteine (replenishes glutathione)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

AChE inhibitors, organophosphate tx

A

Atropine > pralidoxime

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Antimuscarinic/anticholinergic tx

A

Physostigmine

Control hyperthermia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Arsenic tx

A

Dimercaprol

Succimer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Benzo tx

A

Flumazenil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

B-block tx

A

Atropine

Glucagon (increase fat and glucose)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

CO tx

A

100% o2

Hyperbaric o2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Copper tx

A

Penicillamine

Trientine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Cyanide tx

A

Nitrite + thiosulfate

Hydroxocobalamin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Digitalis (digoxin) tx

A

Anti-dig Fab fragments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Heparin tx

A

Protamine sulfate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Iron tx

A

Deferoxamine
Deferasirox
Deferiprone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Lead tx

A

EDTA
Dimercaprol (like arsenic)
Succimer (like arsenic)
Penicillamine (like copper)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Mercury tx

A

Dimercaprol
Succimer
(Like arsenic, lead)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Methanol, ethylene glycol (antifreeze) tx

A

Fomepizole > ethanol

Dialysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Methemoglobin tx

A

Methylene blue

Vitamin C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Opioids tx

A

Naloxone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Salicylates tx

A

NaHCO3 (alkalinize urine)

Dialysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

TCAs tx

A

NaHCO3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Warfarin tx

A 
Vitamin K (delayed effect)
FFP (immediate)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Cause coronary vasospasm
Amphetamines Cocaine Ergot alkaloids Sumatriptan
26
Cause cutaneous flushing
``` Vancomycin Adenosine Niacin Nitrates CCBs Echinocandins ```
27
Cause dilated cardiomyopathy
Anthracyclines (doxorubicin, daunorubicin)
28
Cause torsades de pointes
``` Antiarrhythmics Antibiotics (macrolides) Antipsychotics (haloperidol) Antidepressants (TCAs) Antiemetics (ondansetron) ```
29
Cause adrenocortical insufficiency
HPA suppression secondary to glucocorticoid withdrawal
30
Cause DI
Lithium | Demeclocycline
31
Cause hot flashes
Tamoxifen | Clomiphene
32
Cause hyperglycemia
``` Tacrolimus Protease inhibitors Niacin HCTZ Corticosteroids ```
33
Cause hypothyroidism
Lithium Amiodarone Sulfonamides
34
Cause SIADH
Carbamazepine Cyclophosphamide SSRIs
35
Cause acute cholestatic hepatitis, jaundice
Erythromycin
36
Cause diarrhea
``` Acamprosate Acarbose Cholinesterase inhibitors Colchicine Erythromycin Ezetimibe Metformin Misoprostol Orlistat Pramlintide Quinidine SSRIs ```
37
Cause focal to massive hepatic necrosis
Halothane Amanita phalloides Valproic acid Acetaminophen
38
Cause hepatitis
``` Rifampin Isoniazid Pyrazinamide Statins Fibrates ```
39
Cause pancreatitis
``` Didanosine Corticosteroids Alcohol Valproic acid Azathioprine Diuretics (furosemide, HCTZ) ```
40
Cause pill-induced esophagitis
``` Bisphosphonates Ferrous sulfate NSAIDs Potassium chloride Tetracyclines ```
41
Cause pseudomembranous colitis
Ampicillin Cephalosporin Clindamycin Fluoroquinolones
42
Cause agranulocytosis
``` Clozapine Carbamazepine PTU Methimazole Colchicine Ganciclovir ```
43
Cause aplastic anemia
``` Carbamazepine Methimazole NSAIDs Benzene Chloramphenicol PTU ```
44
Cause direct Coombs, positive hemolytic anemia
Methyldopa | Penicillin
45
Cause DRESS (drug rxn with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms)
Allopurinol Anticonvulsants Antibiotics Sulfa drugs - potentially fatal delayed hypersensitivity rxn. Latency period (2-8 weeks) followed by: fever, morbilliform skin rash, frequent multi organ involvement - Tx: withdrawal of agent, corticosteroids
46
Cause gray baby syndrome
Chloramphenicol
47
Cause G6PD hemolysis
``` Isoniazid Sulfonamides Dapsone Primaquine Aspirin Ibuprofen Nitrofurantoin ```
48
Cause megaloblastic anemia
Hydroxyurea Phenytoin Methotrexate Sulfa drugs
49
Cause thrombocytopenia
Heparin
50
Cause thrombotic complications
OCPs, hormone replacement, SERMs
51
Cause fat redistribution
Protease inhibitors | Glucocorticoids
52
Cause gingival hyperplasia
Phenytoin CCB Cyclosporine
53
Cause hyperuricemia
``` Pyrazinamide Thiazides Furosemide Niacin Cyclosporine ```
54
Cause myopathy
``` Statins Fibrates Niacin Colchicine Daptomycin Hydroxychloroquine Interferon-alpha Penicillamine Glucocorticoids ```
55
Cause osteoporosis
``` Corticosteroids Depot medroxyprogesterone GnRH agonists Aromatase inhibitors Anticonvulsants Heparin ```
56
Cause photosensitivity
Tetracyclines Sulfonamides Amiodarone 5-FU
57
Cause Stevens-Johnson syndrome
Anti-epileptic drugs (esp. lamotrigine) Allopurinol Sulfa drugs Penicillin
58
Cause SLE-like syndrome
``` Sulfa drugs Hydralazine Isoniazid Procainamide Phenytoin Etanercept ```
59
Cause teeth discoloration
Tetracyclines
60
Cause tendonitis/rupture/cartilage damage
Fluoroquinolones
61
Cause cinchonism
Quinidine Quinine -Tinnitus, hearing/vision loss, psychosis, cognitive impairment
62
Cause Parkinson-like syndrome
Antipsychotics Reserpine Metoclopramide
63
Cause seizures
``` Isoniazid (vitamin B6 deficiency) Bupropion Imipenem/cilastatin Trauma doll Enflurane ```
64
Cause tardive dyskinesia
Antipsychotics | Metoclopramide
65
Cause Fanconi syndrome
Cisplatin Ifosfamide Expired tetracyclines Tenofovir
66
Cause hemorrhagic cystitis
Cyclophosphamide | Ifosfamide
67
Cause interstitial nephritis
``` Penicillins Furosemide NSAIDs PPI Sulfa drugs ```
68
Cause pulmonary fibrosis
``` Methotrexate Nitrofurantoin Carmustine Bleomycin Busulfan Amiodarone ```
69
Cause antimuscarinic effects
Atropine TCAs H1-blockers Antipsychotics
70
Cause disulfiram-like reactions
``` 1st-generation sulfonylureas Procarbazine Certain cephalosporins Griseofulvin Metronidazole ```
71
Cause nephrotoxicity/ototoxicity
``` Aminoglycosides Vancomycin Loop diuretics Cisplatin Amphotericin B ```
72
Sulfa drugs
``` Sulfonamide antibiotics Sulfasalazine Probenecid Furosemide Acetazolamide Celecoxib Thiazides Sulfonylureas ``` -Allergies = fever, UTI, Steven-Johnson syndrome, hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, agranulocytosis, acute interstitial nephritis, urticaria
73
Cytochrome P450 inducers
-Increase metabolism = decreased drug ``` Chronic alcohol use St. John's wort Phenytoin Phenobarbital Nevirapine Rifampin Griseofulvin Carbamazepine ```
74
Cytochrome P450 substrates
Anti-epileptics Theophylline Warfarin OCPs
75
Cytochrome P450 inhibitors
-Decrease metabolism = increased drug ``` Sodium valproate Isoniazid Cimetidine Ketoconazole Fluconazole Acute alcohol abuse Chloramphenicol Erythromycin (macrolides) Sulfonamides Ciprofloxacin Omeprazole Metronidazole ```
76
-azole
Ergosterol synthesis inhibitor
77
-bendazole
Antiparasitic/antihelminthic
78
-cillin
Transpeptidase (penicillin-binding protein)
79
-cycline
Protein synthesis inhibitor
80
-ivir
Neuraminidase inhibitor
81
-navir
Protease inhibitor
82
-ovir
DNA polymerase inhibitor
83
-thromycin
Macrolide antibiotic
84
-ane
Inhaled general anesthetic
85
-azine
Typical antipsychotic
86
-barbital
Barbiturate
87
-caine
Local anesthetic
88
-etine
SSRI
89
-ipramine -triptyline
TCA
90
-triptan
5-HT agonist
91
-zepam-zolam
Benzodiazepine
92
-chol
Cholinergic agonist
93
-curium -curonium
Nondepolarizing paralytic
94
-olol
BB
95
-stigmine
AChE inhibitor
96
-terol
B2 agonist
97
-zosin
Alpha1 antagonist
98
-afil
PDE5 inhibitor
99
-dipine
Dihydropyridine CCB
100
-pril
ACE inhibitor
101
-sartan
Angiotensin 2 receptor blocker
102
-statin
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor
103
-xaban
Direct factor Xa inhibitor
104
-dronate
Bisphosphonate
105
-glitazone
PPAR-gamma activator
106
-prazole
PPI
107
-prost
Prostaglandin analog
108
-tidine
H2-antagonist
109
-tinib
Tyrosine kinase inhibitor
110
-tropin
Pituitary hormone
111
-ximab
Chimeric monoclonal Ab
112
-zumab
Humanize monoclonal Ab

Autonomic Pharm (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions