Training for specific populations (Children, Type I diabetes, asthmatics + epiletics) (CHILDREN, ASTHMA + EPILEPSY NOT IN EXAM)

Question 1

What is the best way of reducing risk in children?

Answer 1

Pre participation medical screening
- medical history and physical exam

Question 2

Is there a risk of cardiovascular damage as a result of training?

Answer 2

No-Improvements in VO2 max similar to adults
-Risk of sudden cardiac death in healthy young athletes is low (1-3 per 100,000)

Question 3

What effect does training have on the musculoskeletal system in children?

Answer 3

• Training may optimize growth in children

Question 4

What is an area of concern for the musculoskeletal system?

Answer 4

Damage concerns to articular cartilage, growth plates, and muscle-tendons.
- Premature closure of growth
plate.

However…
- Proper technique can help avoid injuries
- Exercise can promote increased muscular strength and bone mineral density.

Question 5

People with type 1 diabetics can train vigorously provided they:

Answer 5

• Are free from diabetic/medical complications (e.g. microvascular
  complications or neuropathy).
• Can obtain the same benefits as nondiabetics

Question 6

Type I diabetes - what does safe participation involve?

Answer 6

Avoiding hypoglycaemia (low).
- Combination of exercise, diet, and
insulin (through lightweight pumps) for
optimal blood glucose control.
- Have carbohydrate snack or drink
available during exercise.

Question 7

Type I diabetes - where should insulin injection site be?

Answer 7

Should be away from working muscle to
prevent increased rate of uptake and
hypoglycaemia.

Question 8

Can people with asthma participate in all sports?

Answer 8

Yes -
- Aerobic training can ↓ airway inflammation and improve asthmatic
symptoms in asthma patients.
- Provided that exercise-induced bronchospasm is controlled.
- Requires bronchodilator inhaler availability during exercise.
- With the exception of SCUBA diving.

Question 9

Why can asthmatics not SCUBA dive?

Answer 9

• Asthma attack while diving can cause lung damage.
  *May be safe for those who have normal airways at rest and do not exhibit exercise/emotion or cold-induced bronchospasm.
• Thorough medical exam advised that involves spirometry, allergy testing and bronchial challenges

Question 10

What is epilepsy characterized by?

Answer 10

Transient loss of consciousness, muscle tremor, and sensory disturbances.

Question 11

Stress can be a major cause of seizures. Risk of seizure may increase during exercise and recovery due to..?

Answer 11

1. Physical fatigue,
2. hyperventilation,
3. hypoxia,
4. hyperthermia,
5. hypoglycemia,
6. electrolyte imbalance
7. emotional stress (e.g. excitement and tension).