Transcription_Exam 3

Question 1

Gene expression occurs when info from

Answer 1

DNA exerts effect on cell

Question 2

What mediates gene expression?

Answer 2

Ribonucleic acid (RNA)

Question 3

When does gene expression begin?

Answer 3

Begins with transcription

Question 4

Transcription is very what?

Answer 4

Selective

Question 5

Types of RNA

Answer 5

rRNA, tRNA, mRNA, miRNA/siRNA, and snRNA

Question 6

These are found associated with proteins in ribosome (protein factories)

Answer 6

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

Question 7

This carry amino acids during translation (protein synthesis)

Answer 7

Transfer RNA (tRNA)

Question 8

This encodes amino acid sequence for protein synthesis?

Answer 8

Messenger RNA (mRNA)

Question 9

This regulatory activity, control gene expression.

Answer 9

Silencing RNA

Question 10

Splicing introns, small nuclear RNA

Answer 10

snRNA

Question 11

Both of these, have initiation, elongation and termination

Answer 11

DNA replication and Transcription

Question 12

DNA replications direction of synthesis is different then transcription? (T/F)

Answer 12

False; it is the same

Question 13

Only selected genes are transcribed in DNA replication and Transcription. (T/F)

Answer 13

True

Question 14

Primers are not required for what?

Answer 14

Transcription but is for DNA replication

Question 15

Genes contain what?

Answer 15

Exons (coding)
Introns (noncoding)
Consensus sequences (noncoding)

Question 16

Genes are the sequence of what?

Answer 16

Nucleic acids that encode proteins and structural RNA

Question 17

Thymine (T) is swapped for ____ in RNA

Answer 17

Uracil (U)

Question 18

Eukaryotic RNA Polymerases: synthesis of pre-ribosomal RNA = precursor to rRNA

Answer 18

RNA Polymerase I

Question 19

Eukaryotic RNA Polymerases: Syntheses of mRNA, miRNA, snRNA, siRNA. It requires many other proteins to function

Answer 19

RNA Polymerase II

Question 20

RNA Polymerase II synthesis what?

Answer 20

mRNA, miRNA, snRNA, siRNA

Question 21

RNA Polymerase III synthesis what?

Answer 21

tRNA

Question 22

Transcription Initiation does not use

Answer 22

primers

Question 23

Transcription initiation; RNA polymerase binds to specific DNA sequence called

Answer 23

promoters

Question 24

Most common promoter sequences:

Answer 24

TATA box
CAAT box
GC box

Question 25

initiation of transcription (proximal promoter)

Answer 25

TATA box

Question 26

controls frequency of transcription (distal)

Answer 26

CAAT box

Question 27

controls frequency of transcription (distal)

Answer 27

GC box

Question 28

Basal promoters are part of what?

Answer 28

Transcription regulation

Question 29

Proxima component of basal promoters are that ___ box, and the distal component are what?

Answer 29

TATA box & CAAT box or GC box

Question 30

Basal promoters: The TATA box does what?

Answer 30

Directs RNA polymerase II

Question 31

Basal promoters: the CAAT box or GC box does what?

Answer 31

Controls frequency of transcription

Question 32

Response elements of regulated expression?

Answer 32

enhancers or repressors

Question 33

Regulated expression either ____ or ___ transcription

Answer 33

induce or repress

Question 34

Regulated expression is found both ___ and ____ from start site

Answer 34

upstream and downstream

Question 35

Regulated expression can exert an effect from a ___ ____

Answer 35

great distance

Question 36

What are the steps in RNA synthesis?

Answer 36

Assembly, initiation, elongation, and termination

Question 37

The assembly of basal transcription complex, the _________ binds to TATA box

Answer 37

TATA-binding protein (TBP)

Question 38

The assembly of basal transcription complex, transcription factors bind to ____ ____

Answer 38

initiate process

Question 39

The assembly of basal transcription complex, a ____ strand of ____ is produced

Answer 39

Single, RNA

Question 40

What is used for approx. 70% of genes (especially 'housekeeping' genes - genes required for normal cell functions)

Answer 40

Cytosine-Guanine

Question 41

Methylation of ____ ___ silences gene

Answer 41

CG islands

Question 42

What repeated sequence is free of nucleosomes?

Answer 42

Cytosine - Guanine

Question 43

Free of nucleosomes =

Answer 43

easy to transcribe

Question 44

Immediately following initiation, the ____ end of RNA is capped with a ____ _____

Answer 44

5', methyl guanosine

Question 45

Addition of 5' cap prevents _____ by exonucleases

Answer 45

degradation

Question 46

Addition of poly(A) tail contain ______ site near 3' end of RNA

Answer 46

polyadenylation

Question 47

Addition of poly(A) tail recognition site for _____ that cleave ___ nucleotides downstream

Answer 47

endonucleases, 20

Question 48

Addition of poly(A) tail: Poly (A) polymerase can now add ____ ____ nucleotides to end

Answer 48

80-250 adenine

Question 49

Primary transcript of RNA is large because it contains ____

Answer 49

intron (noncoding region)

Question 50

Beginning splice site =

Answer 50

GU

Question 51

Ending splice site =

Answer 51

AG

Question 52

Intron removal, catalyzed by ____

Answer 52

spliceosome which are made of several small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs)

Question 53

Intron removed and ____ joined together forming mature ____

Answer 53

exons, RNA