transferring a fragment or gene Flashcards
(16 cards)
Where can the fragment be transferred into?
Bacteria or eukaryotic cells
What are genes transferred using?
Vectors
What is the vector in bacteria?
Plasmid
What else can be used as vectors?
Viruses and liposomes
What are bacteria widely used for?
Producing a protein, clone genes or fragments
What is the plasmid cut using?
The same restriction endonucleases that cut the gene
How does the plasmid and the foreign DNA join?
Complementary base pairing as they have complementary sticky ends
Which enzyme forms the phosphodiester bonds?
Ligase
What is this plasmid called?
Recombinant plasmid
What is the process where the bacteria take up these plasmids?
Transformation
What are the problems with vectors?
They might not be taken up, vector might not contain the gene
How can this be solved?
By using marker genes
What do marker genes do?
Allow the genes to be detected and isolated
What is an example of a marker gene?
GFP gene which codes for green fluorescent protein
What are the pros of recombinant DNA technology?
Producing plants with high yields, producing vaccines and drugs, treating genetic diseases by gene therapy
What are the cons of recombinant DNA technology?
Possible transfer of foreign genes, irreversible process, ethical considerations, long term ecological consequences are unknown, large companies have a large monopoly and forcing smaller countries out
