Transition Flashcards by Immie Mebourne

Monodentate

Water, ammonia, chloride, cyanide, hydroxide.

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Bidentate

Ethandioate

1,2 -diamnioethane

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Multidentate

EDTA-4

Porferin

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Square plAnar

Cisplatin

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What are the general properties of transition metals as a result of their incomplete d-sub level

Variable oxidation states
Catalytic action
Coloured compounds
Formation of complexes

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Ligand

Particle with lone pair of electrons that bonds to metals by a co ordinate bond

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Complex

Metal ion with co-ordinately bonded ligands

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Co ordinate number

Number of co ordinate bonds from ligands to metal ion

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What is the formula and colour of Fe2+ in aqueous solution ?

[Fe(H2O)6]2+(aq)

Green

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What is the formula and colour of Fe2+ with NaOH?

Fe(H2O)4(OH)2 (s)

Green ppt goes brown on standing in air

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What is the formula and colour of Fe2+ in an excess of NaoH(aq)

Fe(H2O)4(OH)2 (s)

No further change small amount

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What is the formula and colour of Fe2+ with NH3 (aq)

Fe(H2O)4(OH)2 (s)

Green ppt goes brown on standing in air

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What is the formula and colour of Fe2+ with an excess of NH3 (aq)?

No further change

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What is the formula and colour of Fe2+ with Na2Co3(aq)

FeCO3 (s)

Green ppt

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What is the formula and colour of Cu2+ in aqueous?

[Cy(H2O)6]2+ (aq)

Blue solution

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What is the formula and colour of Cu2+ with NaOH

Cu(H2O)4(OH)2 (s)

Blue ppt

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What is the formula and colour of Cu2+ with an xs of NaOH?

No further change

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What is the formula and colour of Cu2+ with NH3 (aq)?

cu(H2O)4(OH)2 (s)

Blue ppt

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What is the formula and colour of Cu2+ with an XS if NH3?

[Cu(H2O)2(NH3)4]2+ (aq)

Deep blue solution

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What is the formula and colour of Cu2+ with Na2CO3 (aq) ?

CuCO3 (s)

Blue green ppt

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What is the formula and colour of Fe3+ in aqueous?

[Fe(H2O)6]3+ (aq)
Purple solution
May appear yellow brown due to some [Fe(H2O)5(OH)]2+ (aq)

What is the formula and colour of Fe3+ with NaOH?

Fe(H2O)3(OH)3 (s)
Brown ppt
Maybe orangery

What is the formula and colour of Fe3+ with XS NaOH?

No further change

What is the formula and colour of Fe3+ with NH3 (aq)

Fe(H2O)3(OH)3 (s)

Brown ppt

What is the formula and colour of Fe3+ with excess NH3(aq)?

No further change

What is the formula and colour of Fe3+ with Na2CO3(aq)?

Fe(H2O)3(OH)3(s) Brown ppt CO2 gas evolved

What is the formula and colour of Al3+ in aqueous?

[Al(H2O)6]3+ (aq) | Colourless solution

What is the formula and colour of Al3+ with NaOH?

Al(H2O)3(OH)3 (s) | White ppt

What is the formula and colour of Al3+ with Xs NaOH?

[Al(OH)4]- (aq) | Colourless solution

What is the formula and colour of Al3+ with NH3 (aq)?

Al(H2O)3(OH)3 (s) | White ppt

What is the formula and colour of Al3+ with Xs NH3 (aq)?

No further change

What is the formula and colour of Al3+ with Na2CO3(aq)

Al(H2O)3(OH)3 (s) White ppt CO2 gas evolved

4 main features of transition metals.

Variable oxidation states Colour Catalysis Complex formation

When is a complex transition metal ion formed?

When a transition metal ion is surrounded by ligands, bonded by co-ordinate bonds

Lewis base

Lone pair donor

Lewis acid

Lone pair acceptor

Why does the ligand act as a Lewis base and the metal ion act as a Lewis acid in complex ion?

Ligand is donating a lone pair and the metal ion is accepting it

Why are CN- and CO toxic?

They prevent oxygen being transported around the body

When can cis-teams isomerism occur?

In octahedral and square planar complexes where there are two ligands of one type different to other ligands

When does optical isomerism occur in complexes?

In an octahedral complex with three bidentate ligands

Why is HCl an unsuitable as as the medium for which KMnO4 reacts?

MnO4- would oxidise the Cl-, so the total volume of KMnO4 would be affected.

Why is concentrated H2SO4/HNO3; an unsuitable as as the medium for which KMnO4 reacts?

They are oxidising agents so effect the volume of KMnO4 required in the titration.

Why is Ethanoic acid an unsuitable as as the medium for which KMnO4 reacts?

It's too weak an acid and would not provide enough H+ ions.

What are the reactions of metal aqua ions?

Hydrolysis Substitution Redox

Ligand

Atom, ion or molecule which can donate a lone electron pair

Complex ion

Central metal ion surrounded by co-ordinately bonded ligands which co-ordination number exceeds oxidation state

Co-ordination number

The number of co-ordinate bonds formed to a central metal ion

When doing colorimetry, why is it important that the container for each sample has the same dimensions?

Absorption depends on distance traveled through solution

Why is a coloured filter used in colorimetry ?

To select the colour or wavelength that is almost strongly absorbed by the sample

Why might a colorimetric method be chosen in preference of a titration?

Quicker to measure extracted samples than to titrate

How does the precipitate become dry in a desiccator?

Water vapour of precipitate is absorbed by the dying agent.

Explain the term complex

Transition metal ion surrounded by one or more coordinately bonded ligands.