Transition metals Flashcards
(29 cards)
What is a transition metal?
a d block element that forms at least one stable ion with a partially filled d sub shell
Why is scandium not a transition metal
it only forms a 3+ ion where the d orbitals are empty
Why is zinc not a transition metal
zinc only forms a 2+ ion where the d orbitals are full
Characteristics of transition metals
metallic
high density
high melting point
shiny
conducts heat and electricity
why are transition metals good catalysts
provide a good surface for reactions
change oxidation states to form intermediates with lower activation energies
uses of transition metals
haber process (iron)
hydrogenation of alkenes (nickel)
hydrogen production (copper sulphate)
Complex ion def
transition metal ion bonded to one or more ligands by coordinate bonds
Ligand def
molecule or ion that can donate a pair of electrons to the metal to form a coordinate bond
Monodentate ligand examples
Cl-
H2O
NH3
CN-
Bidentate ligand example
ethane-1,2-diamine
Use of cis-platin
anti-cancer drug
binds to DNA of fast growing cancer cells so reduces the growth of cancer
Colour of [Cu(H2O)6]2+
pale blue
Colour of [Cu(NH3)4(H2O)2]2+
deep blue
Colour of [CuCl4]2+
yellow
Colour of [Cr(H2O)6]3+
dark green
Colour of Fe2+ aqua ion
green
Colour of Fe3+ aqua ion
pale brown
Colour of Cr3+ aqua ion
violet
Colour of Mn2+ aqua ion
pink
Colour of Cu2+ with NH3 or OH-
blue ppt
Colour of Fe2+ with NH3 or OH-
green ppt
Colour of Mn2+ with NH3 or OH-
brown ppt
Colour of Cr3+ with NH3 or OH-
green ppt
Colour of Fe3+ with NH3 or OH-
brown ppt
