ionisation energy

Question 1

Atomic radius across a period

Answer 1

-atomic radius decreases
-nuclear charge increases
-nuclear attraction increases
-shielding remains the same

Question 2

Atomic radius down a group

Answer 2

-atomic radius increases
-nuclear attraction decreases
-more shielding
(nuclear charge increases but is outweighed by shielding)

Question 3

First ionisation energy across a period

Answer 3

-ionisation energy generally increases
-atomic radius decreases
-nuclear charge increases
-nuclear attraction increases
-shielding is similar

Question 4

First ionisation energy down a group

Answer 4

-ionisation energy decreases
-atomic radius increases
-nuclear attraction decreases
-more shielding
(nuclear charge increases but is outweighed by shielding)

Question 5

Deviation across group 3

Answer 5

-outer electron is in a p orbital which has a higher energy than s orbital
-less energy required to remove outer electron in group 3 element

Question 6

Deviations across group 6

Answer 6

-pair of electrons in a p orbital causing spin pair repulsion
-less energy required to remove outer electron in group 6 element

Question 7

Which has higher ionisation Na or Mg

Answer 7

-Mg has a higher nuclear charge
-Mg has a smaller atomic radius
-Mg has a higher nuclear attraction so a higher ionisation energy
-Both have similar shielding

Question 8

Which has the higher ionisation between Li or Na

Answer 8

-Li has a smaller atomic radius
-Li has a higher nuclear attraction so a higher ionisation energy
-Li has less shielding
(Ni has a higher nuclear charge but this is outweighed)

Question 9

Successive ionisation energy

Answer 9

-increases with each electron removed
-higher proton to electron ratio
-smaller ionic radius
-greater nuclear attraction for outmost electron so more energy required to remove it

Question 10

Jump in successive ionisation energy

Answer 10

-large increase between 2nd and 3rd electron being removed
-3rd electron is closer to nucleus experiencing less shielding
-stronger nuclear attraction on 3rd electron so more energy required to remove it