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ZZZ - BIO107 - Cell and Molecular Biology > Translation > Flashcards

Translation Flashcards

1
Q

ribosomes read the genetic message in mRNA and produce a polypeptide chain

A

translation

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2
Q

immediate product of translation

A

polypeptide chain

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3
Q

translation machinery

A
  1. mRNA
  2. tRNA
  3. ribosomes
  4. protein factors
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4
Q

translation in prokaryotes

A
  1. initiation, elongation, termination
  2. control
  3. antibiotics
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5
Q

translation in eukaryotes

A
  1. initiation, elongation, termination
  2. control
  3. protein targeting
  4. post-translational modifications
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6
Q
  • template for translation
  • open reading frame
A

mRNA

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7
Q

start codon

A

AUG

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8
Q

open reading frame

A

start codon -> stop codon

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9
Q

correspondence between the mRNA/codon and amino acid

A

genetic code

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10
Q

genetic code is the correspondence between what?

A
  • mRNA/codon
  • amino acid
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11
Q

Properties of the genetic code

A
  1. almost universal
  2. degenerate
  3. contiguous
  4. unambiguous
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12
Q

the same for all organisms with few exceptions

A

universal

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13
Q

there is more than one codon for some amino acids

A

degenerate

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14
Q

codons do not overlap and have no spacers in between

A

contiguous

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15
Q

each codon specify only one amino acid

A

unambiguous

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16
Q

non-standard base pair can form between third base of codon and first base of anticodon

A

wobble hypothesis

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17
Q

wobble hypothesis

A

non-standard base pair between 3rd base codon and 1st base anticodon

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18
Q

what is reduced in wobble hypothesis

A

no. of tRNAs needed to read

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19
Q

wobble hypothesis:
in mRNA, __ in the wobble position can pair with __ in the tRNA anticodon

A

G - wobble
U/C - tRNA anticodon

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20
Q

wobble hypothesis:
in tRNA, __ in the wobble position can pair with __ in the tRNA anticodon

A

inosine - wobble
U/C/A - mRNA codon

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21
Q

contain multiple open reading frame

A

polycistronic

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22
Q
  • AGGAGGU
  • found upstream from the start codon
  • prokaryotes
A

Shine-Dalgarno sequence

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23
Q

Shine-Dalgarno sequence

A

AGGAGGU

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24
Q

contain single ORF

A

monocistronic mRNA

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25
protect and stabilize eukaryotic mRNA
- 5' cap - polyA tail
26
- transfers amino acid to the ribosome - adaptor molecule - its anticodon decodes the codon in the mRNA
tRNA
27
length of tRNA
~ 75-95 nucleotides long
28
characteristic secondary structure of the tRNA
clover-leaf structure
29
parts of tRNA
1. acceptor arm 2. D or DHU arm 3. anticodon arm 4. variable arm 5. TYCG arm
30
the 5'-CCA-3' terminal that binds the amino acid the anticodon specify
acceptor stem/arm
31
have 3-4 bp stem and a loop that contain dihydrouridine
D or DHU arm
32
what does the D or DHU arm contain
dihydrouridine
33
5bp stem with a loop that contain the anticodon that is complementary to teh codon it recognizes
anticodon arm
34
length of anticodon arm
5 bp
35
have 3-20 bases that may form a step of up to 7 bp
variable arm
36
no. of base in variable arm
3-20 bases
37
5 bp stem ending in a loop containing the invariant residues of TYCG
TYCG arm
38
bp of TYCG arm
5 bp
39
tertiary structure of the tRNA that is formed by 9 h-bonds mainly between the invariant bases
L-shape structure
40
forms tertiary structure of tRNA
9 H-bonds mainly between invariant bases
41
amino acid + tRNA + ATP --> aminoacyl-tRNA + AMP + PPi
tRNA activation/aminoacylation
42
enzyme in tRNA activation
aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
43
rRNA + ribosomal proteins = ?
ribosomes
44
composition of ribosomes
1. large subunit 2. small subunit
45
- contains the peptidyl transferase center - factor-binding center
large subunit
46
catalyzes peptide bond formation in P site
peptidyl transferase center
47
- contains the decoding center - 2 narrow channels where the mRNA enters and exits
small subunit
48
Three tRNA binding site in a ribosome
1. A site 2. P site 3. E site
49
binding site for the amino-acyl tRNA
A site
50
A site is the binding site for what
aminoacyl-tRNA
51
binding site for peptidyl tRNA
P site
52
P site is the binding site for what
peptidyl tRNA
53
binding site for the uncharged tRNA
E site
54
E site is the binding site of what
uncharged tRNA
55
meaning of S in ribosome
- sedimentation coefficient - measure of rate of sedimentation in ultracentrifuge
56
S is measured in __
Svedberg units
57
prokaryotic ribosomes
70 S
58
large subunit of prokaryotic ribosomes
50S
59
50 S of large subunit of prokaryotic ribosomes
31 proteins + 23S RNA + 5S RNA
60
small subunit of prokaryotic ribosomes
30S
61
30S of small subunit of prokaryotic ribosomes
21 proteins + 16S RNA
62
eukaryotic ribosomes
80S
63
large subunit of eukaryotic ribosomes
60S
64
60S of large subunit of eukaryotic ribosomes
50 proteins + 28S RNA + 5.8S RNA + 5S
65
small subunit of eukaryotic ribosomes
40S
66
40S of small subunit of eukaryotic ribosomes
33 proteins + 18S RNA
67
consist of a cluster of ribosomes that are held simultaneously by a strand of messenger RNA (mRNA) in rosette or helical group
polyribosome

ZZZ - BIO107 - Cell and Molecular Biology (21 decks)

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