Translation and Transcription

Question 1

Give some ways in which the structure of an mRNA molecule is different from the structure of a tRNA molecule.

Answer 1

1. mRNA is a single helix where as tRNA is a clover shaped molecule.
2. mRNA do not contain hydrogen bond where as tRNA do.
3. mRNA do not have base pairing where as tRNA do.
4. mRNA has codons where as tRNA has anti-codons.
5. mRNA don’t have an amino acid binding site where as tRNA do.

Question 2

What is the role of RNA polymerase during transcription?

Answer 2

To join RNA nucleotides together (by forming phosphodiester bonds) to form mRNA

Question 3

Describe the process of translation

Answer 3

1.mRNA binds to ribosome

2.ribosomes moves to START codon (AUG)

3.2 codons fit in the ribosome

4.first tRNA enters carrying specific AA

5.anticodon binds to mRNA codon

6.second tRNA enters - 2 tRNA binding sites

7. AA join by peptide bond using ATP

8.ribosome moves along to next codon to read

Question 3

Explain the role of DNA Helicase in Transcription

Answer 3

DNA Helicase breaks the hydrogen bonds between the bases in the helix, unwinding the DNA, exposing unpaired base template strand.

Question 4

What is the role of RNA polymerase in Transcription

Answer 4

RNA polymerise links to the template strand, inserting mRNA nucleotides one a time, according to complementary base pairs, forming bonds between them.