Transmission Genetics

Question 1

published his findings on the inheritance of 7 characteristics of pea plants

Answer 1

Gregor Mendel

Question 2

Seed form:

Answer 2

Dominant = Round
Recessive = wrinkled

Question 3

Seed color:

Answer 3

Dominant= Yellow
Recessive = green

Question 4

Pod form:

Answer 4

Dominant= Inflated
Recessive= constricted

Question 5

Pod color:

Answer 5

Dominant= Green
Recessive= yellow

Question 6

Flower color:

Answer 6

Dominant= Purple
Recessive = white

Question 7

Flower arrangement:

Answer 7

Dominant= Axial
Recessive= terminal

Question 8

Stem:

Answer 8

Dominant= Tall
Recessive= short

Question 9

comes from a Greek root which means appearance or observable characteristics

Answer 9

Phenotype

Question 10

is the current term to replace Mendel’s “particles.”

Answer 10

Gene

Question 11

= is the current term to replace Mendel’s “particles.”

Answer 11

Gene

Question 12

is the basic unit of inheritance. It contains instructions for heredity

Answer 12

Gene

Question 13

the set of genes manifested or expressed in the organism’s phenotype

Answer 13

Dominant allele

Question 14

aka “hidden” trait, and is expressed only when the
individual carries 2 copies of the gene

Answer 14

Recessive allele

Question 15

a cell that carries two copies of the gene; applicable in autosomes
or somatic cells

Answer 15

Diploid

Question 16

a cell that carries one copy of the gene; applicable in sex
chromosome or gamete

Answer 16

Haploid

Question 17

If the cell carries two copies of the same allele it is said to be

Answer 17

“HOMOZYGOUS”

Question 18

If the cell carries one gene of different alleles, it is said to be

Answer 18

HETEROZYGOUS”

Question 19

Genes separate randomly in the gametes so that each gamete will only receive haploid copies of the gene

Answer 19

2nd Mendel’s Law: Law of Segregation

Question 20

Genes of different traits can segregate independently.

Answer 20

3rd Mendel’s Law: Law of Independent Assortment

Question 21

The Chromosome Theory of Inheritance was First proposed by

Answer 21

Theodor Boveri and Walter Sutton in 1902.

Question 22

observed that development in sea urchins does not happen without chromosomes

Answer 22

Theodor Boveri

Question 23

observed chromosomes in meiosis among grasshoppers

Answer 23

Walter Sutton

Question 24

observed chromosomes among fruitflies (Drosophila melanogaster)

Answer 24

Thomas Hunt Morgan

Question 25

the eye color phenotype was sex-linked. It was transmitted along with sex in the experiments. Males were _______ for the X chromosome.

Answer 25

“HEMIZYGOUS”

Question 26

Chromosome theory of inheritance:

Answer 26

1. Genes have places or loci.
2. Diploid organisms such as humans normally have 2 copies of all chromosomes except sex chromosomes

Question 27

the allelic constitution of a gene

Answer 27

Genotype

Question 28

The complete set of genes of an organism

Answer 28

Genome

Question 29

the offspring appear to have a different allele not seen in the parents, and are therefore called

Answer 29

RECOMBINANTS.

Question 30

How are recombinants produced?

Answer 30

By crossing-over during the pachytene stage of Prophase I.

Question 31

Stages of Meiosis:
Meiosis I:
Prophase I:

Answer 31

Leptotene, Zygotene, Pacytene, Diplotene

Question 32

the gene that occurs more frequently

Answer 32

Wild-type or Standard-type

Question 33

the gene that is less present

Answer 33

Mutant

Question 34

This finding was supported by _______ and made a mathematical relationship simply stated, that if the frequency of the recombination is 1%, it is equivalent by a map distance of 1 centimorgan (equivalent to 1 million basepairs in humans). This established the rationale of genetic mapping techniques still used today.

Answer 34

A. H. Sturtevant

Question 35

provided a direct physical evidence of recombination in 1931. From their observation of maize chromosomes, they established a direct relationship between a region of the chromosomes and a gene.

Answer 35

Barbara McClintock and Harriet Creighton

Question 36

Together with —-z they detected that recombination can be physically and genetically detected in both plants and animals.

Answer 36

Curt Stern

Question 37

moveable genetic elements, were also discovered by McClintock.

Answer 37

Transposons,