Transmissions

Question 1

Rabies transmission

Answer 1

saliva or neural tissue
bite
wounds or mucous membranes of eyes, nose, mouth, or organ transplant
oral exposure
inhalation (droplets)
ocular (corneal transplant)

Question 2

Vesicular Stomatitis Virus transmission

Answer 2

cut/abrasion or vector:
black flies (Simuliidae spp.)
midges (Culicoides spp.)
mosquitos (Culex nigripalpus)
houseflies (Musca domestica)
sand flies (Lutzomyia spp)

Question 3

Rift Valley Fever Virus transmission

Answer 3

Culex or Aedes mosquitos (transovarially transmission to eggs)
direct contact with tissue/bodily fluids
aerosols

Question 4

Heartland Badnavirus transmission

Answer 4

lone star tick - Amblyomma Americanum

Question 5

Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus transmission

Answer 5

Ixodid tick - Hyalomma (transovarial/transstadial transmission to offspring)
direct contact with infected animals
human-human contact - nosocomial
iatrogenic (needles/instruments)

Question 6

Akabane Virus transmission

Answer 6

Culex and Aedes mosquitos in Japan
Culicoides in Australia

Question 7

Cache Valley Fever virus transmission

Answer 7

Anopheline, Culiseta, Aedes mosquitos

Question 8

Hantavirus transmission

Answer 8

inhalation or direct contact of rodent excretions (saliva, urine, feces)

Question 9

Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus transmission

Answer 9

verticle
infectious urine, saliva, feces

Question 10

Avian Influenza (A) transmission

Answer 10

ingestion
inhalation
fomites
human-tracking

Question 11

Equine Influenza (A) transmission

Answer 11

inhalation
fomites
hands, clothing, instruments

Question 12

Canine Influenza (A) transmission

Answer 12

inhalation
fomites

Question 13

Canine Distemper Virus transmission

Answer 13

ingestion
inhalation
fomites
human-tracking
transplacental

Question 14

Rinderpest Virus transmission

Answer 14

direct contact
inhalation
fomites
carcasses

Question 15

Peste de Petits Ruminants Virus transmission

Answer 15

close contact
inhalation
fomites

Question 16

Avian Paramyxovirus 1 transmission

Answer 16

inhalation
ingestion
fomites
human tracking
human infection w/ contact with dead carcasses or lab acquired

Question 17

Hendra virus transmission

Answer 17

inhalation, ingestion, or carcasses with bat saliva, urine, feces, placental, fetal fluid

Question 18

Nipah virus transmission

Answer 18

inhalation, ingestion or carcasses with bat saliva, urine, blood
human-human

also shed in swine resp secretions

Question 19

Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus transmission

Answer 19

inhalation

Question 20

Bovine Parainfluenza Virus 3 transmission

Answer 20

inhalation

Question 21

Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever transmission

Answer 21

direct contact
fomites
aersols?
human-human contact

Question 22

Avian Bornavirus - Proventricular Dilation Disease transmission and shed

Answer 22

aersols?
shed in feces, urates, nasal passages

Question 23

Foot and Mouth Disease Virus transmission

Answer 23

nose-nose
inhalation
fomites
people
vehicles
meat
hides
airborne (wind/smoke)

Question 24

FMD shed

Answer 24

urine, feces, milk, meat, semen, embryos

Question 25

Swine Vesicular Disease Virus transmission

Answer 25

fecal-oral meat

Question 26

Avian Encephalomyelitis Virus transmission

Answer 26

shed in feces thus fecal-oral **transovarial** fomites

Question 27

Feline Calcivirus transmission

Answer 27

nose-nose inhalation fomites (cages, dishes, surgical instruments)

Question 28

Vesicular Exanthema of Swine Virus transmission

Answer 28

ingestion of infected carcass or uncooked contaminated meat contact with infected swine or premises fomites

Question 29

Rabbit Hemorrhagic Fever Virus "European Brown Hare Syndrome Virus" transmission

Answer 29

**fecal-oral** inhalation conjunctiva arthropods meat fomites

Question 30

Norwalk-like disease virus transmission

Answer 30

fecal contaminated food/water

Question 31

West Nile Virus transmission

Answer 31

Culex mosquito

Question 32

Japanese Encephalitis Virus transmission

Answer 32

Culex & Aedes mosquito

Question 33

Yellow Fever Virus transmission

Answer 33

mosquitos

Question 34

Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus transmission

Answer 34

direct via nasal secretion, saliva, milk, blood mechanical iatrogenic fomites **in-utero** fecal-oral

Question 35

Classical Swine Fever Virus transmission

Answer 35

oronasal/ocular secretions urine feces blood semen fomites uncooked swill

Question 36

Border's Disease Virus transmission

Answer 36

secretions **in-utero**

Question 37

Equine Arteritis Virus transmission

Answer 37

aerosols direct contact with urine, resp secretions, blood, aborted fetal tissues venereal (cover and AI) **in-utero** fomites

Question 38

Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus transmission

Answer 38

direct w/ body secretions and fluids **in-utero** aerosols fomites

Question 39

vertical transmission viruses

Answer 39

mosquitos of Rift Valley Fever Virus ticks of Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus canine distemper virus avian encephalomyelitis virus bovine viral diarrhea virus border's disease virus equine arteritis virus porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus

Question 40

Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus transmission

Answer 40

Culex melanura (bird-bird) Aedes, Culex, Coquillettidia mosquitoes (bride vector)

Question 41

Western Equine Encephalitis Virus transmission

Answer 41

Culex tarsalis (bird-bird) various Aedes species (bridge)

Question 42

Venezualen Equine Encephalitis Virus transmission

Answer 42

Culex mosquitos

Question 43

Feline Infectious Peritonitis Virus transmission

Answer 43

resp secretions fecal-oral