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Boards Prep > Transplant Immunology > Flashcards

Transplant Immunology Flashcards

1
Q

What type of hypersensitivity is cell-mediated?

A

Type II

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2
Q

What process checks to ensure the recipient does not have antidonor HLA antibodies?

A

Cross-matching

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3
Q

What criteria help reduce the chance of graft rejection?

A

ABO matching, donors must not have antidonor HLA antibodies, donor should have as close an HLA match to recipient as possible

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4
Q

Acute graft rejection can be prevented using immunosuppressants. Can longterm use also prevent chronic rejection?

A

No, chronic rejection cannot be prevented with immunosuppressants. The cause of chronic rejection is unknown.

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5
Q

What types of grafts are from the same person?

A

Auto grafts

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6
Q

A graft is transplanted from one identical twin to another. What type of graft is this?

A

Iso graft (Syngenic graft)

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7
Q

A recipient rejects an organ from donor 1. Can the recipient receive another organ donation from donor 1?

A

No. Because T and B cells have memory, any new donation from the same donor will be immediately rejected

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8
Q

What type of graft rejection is a Type IV hypersensitivity?

A

Chronic rejection

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9
Q

What mediates hyperacute graft rejection?

A

Pre-existing antibodies (to ABO or HLA)

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10
Q

What are the two pathways for the presentation of graft antigens?

A

Direct & Indirect

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11
Q

What is the timeframe for chronic graft rejection?

A

Months to years

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12
Q

What four criteria must be met for transplantation?

A
  1. Damage to the body must be irreversible
  2. Disease must not reoccur
  3. Chances of rejection must be minimized
  4. Must be on immunosuppressive treatment
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13
Q

What would happen if mature donor T cells were transplanted along with stem cells?

A

The donor T cells would begin attacking the recipient cells via activation of host macrophages and NK cells - graft vs. host disease

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14
Q

True/False. Destruction of host cells by graft T cells is always harmful.

A

False. In some instances, this can be beneficial. For example, in cases of tumor leukemia, the destruction of host tumor cells is a good thing (graft vs. tumor disease)

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15
Q

These MHC are located on all nucleated cells?

A

MHC I

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16
Q

Why type of hypersensitivity is delayed?

A

Type IV

17
Q

What is the principal cause of early graft rejection?

A

Acute rejection - T cells

18
Q

Graft vs. host disease is most common with what transplants?

A

Stem cell and liver transplants - rich in lymphocytes

19
Q

What are the most polymorphic alleles involved in organ transplantation?

A

HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-DR

20
Q

Acute graft rejection takes place in what timeframe?

A

Days to weeks following transplant

21
Q

T cells are the primary mediators in what type of graft rejection?

A

Acute & Chronic graft rejection

22
Q

What types of grafts are most successful? Why?

A

Auto and iso grafts because they they are from “self”

23
Q

What type of graft is transplanted between species?

A

Xenogenic graft (Xenograft)

24
Q

Compatibility between what alleles is important in organ transplantation?

A

HLA (MHC) alleles

25
Q

What is the indirect pathway for graft antigen presentation?

A

Graft MHCs are taken up by recipient APCs and then presented by recipient MHCs

26
Q

What type of hypersensitivity is graft vs. host disease?

A

Type IV hypersensitivity

27
Q

Fibrosis and graft atherosclerosis are primary characteristics of what type of graft rejection?

A

Chronic graft rejection

28
Q

What antigens are involved in chronic graft rejection?

A

Graft alloantigens

29
Q

What MHC are located only on APCs?

A

MHC II

30
Q

A patient receives a kidney transplant from an unknown individual. Within minutes, the recipient begins rejecting the graft. What type of graft rejection is this?

A

Hyperacute rejection

31
Q

What is the direct pathway for graft antigen presentation?

A

Recipient T cells bind directly to donor MHC II located on donor APCs

32
Q

Grafts are most commonly from genetically different individuals of the same species. What are these grafts termed?

A

Allogenic grafts

33
Q

What are the major characteristics of hyperacute graft rejection?

A

Thrombosis of vessels and ischemic necrosis of the graft

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