Cerebral Pathways & Disorders

Question 1

Paying no attention to one side of the body is termed…?

Answer 1

Hemispatial neglect

Question 2

Vision, perception, and memory are associated with what brain hemisphere?

Answer 2

Generally, right hemisphere

Question 3

Language and language-dependent memory are associated with what brain hemisphere?

Answer 3

Left hemisphere for most people

Question 4

True/False. An acute MCA stroke involving a hemisphere may demonstrate hemispheric neglect of the contralateral side.

Answer 4

True. But this is usually transient and resolves in 2-3 weeks

Question 5

Expressive aphasia is due to damage to what area of the brain?

Answer 5

Broca’s region in the inferior frontal gyrus. The person can comprehend and interpret language, but cannot produce speech

Question 6

Damage to Wernicke’s region in the superior temporal gyrus causes what disorder?

Answer 6

Receptive aphasia - the person can produce language, but has difficulty finding the right words

Question 7

Extensive damage to the brain that causes loss of language comprehension and expression is termed?

Answer 7

Global aphasia

Question 8

What is it called when a patient can comprehend and produce speech, but cannot use the correct names for people, objects, etc.?

Answer 8

Anomic or amnesia aphasia

Question 9

The arcuate fasciculus connects Broca’s and Wernicke’s areas. Damage here causes what disorder?

Answer 9

Conduction aphasia - the inability to repeat words or phrases

Question 10

What structure allows the nondominant hemisphere to participate in language?

Answer 10

Corpus callosum

Question 11

What symptoms are associated with an upper motor neuron deficit?

Answer 11

Spastic weakness, no muscle atrophy, hyperreflexia, babinski’s sign

Question 12

What symptoms are associated with a lower motor neuron deficit?

Answer 12

Flaccid weakness, muscle atrophy, fasciculations, hyporeflexia, absent babinski’s reflex

Question 13

Weakness and aphasia are most associated with a (cortical/subcortical) lesion.

Answer 13

Cortical lesion

Question 14

Motor functioning for the legs are spared in this type of brain lesion.

Answer 14

Cortical lesion

Question 15

What vision deficits are present with a cortical lesion?

Answer 15

None, unless the occipital lobe is directly involved. Subcortical lesions include visual deficits

Question 16

Numbness is most associated with (cortical/subcortical) lesions.

Answer 16

Subcortical - with cortical lesions, patients maintain sensory and pain/temp function but have impaired higher processing

Question 17

Gerstmann’s syndrome is due to a lesion where in the brain?

Answer 17

Angular gyrus of the inferior parietal lobe of the dominant hemisphere

Question 18

What four specific neurological deficits are associated with Gerstmann’s syndrome?

Answer 18

Inability to write, loss of ability to do math, inability to identify one’s fingers, inability to differentiate between right and left side of the body

Question 19

Bilateral superior homonymous quadrantanopia is due to damage to what eye structure?

Answer 19

Meyer’s loop located in the deep temporal region

Question 20

Damage to the deep parietal lobe may result in what vision deficit?

Answer 20

Bilateral inferior homonymous quadrantanopia

Question 21

The presence of new dysconjugate gaze or binocular diplopia may indicate a problem where in the brain?

Answer 21

Posterior fossa (brainstem or cerebellum)

Question 22

True/False. Binocular diplopia is caused by dysconjugate gaze and resolves by covering one eye.

Answer 22

True - the posterior fossa (brainstem or cerebellum) should be checked for a possible lesion

Question 23

Weakness and diplopia may indicate a lesion where in the brainstem?

Answer 23

Midbrain

Question 24

Weakness, swallowing difficulty, and absent gag reflex may indicate a lesion where in the brainstem?

Answer 24

Medulla

Question 25

Weakness and numbness of the face may indicate a lesion where in the brainstem?

Answer 25

Pons

Question 26

What is ataxic dysarthria?

Answer 26

Normal language content and comprehension, but tone goes up and down when talking

Question 27

Hyperextension of the cervical spine is most associated with what spinal syndrome?

Answer 27

Central spinal syndrome