Transport of Water and Solutes in Plants

Question 1

The membrane that encloses and defines all cells as separate from their environment

Answer 1

plasma membrane

Question 2

consists of a lipid bilayer that is semipermeable

Answer 2

cell membrane or plasma membrane

Question 3

characterizes the plasma membrane consisting of a double
layer or bilayer, of lipid molecules,
cholesterol and proteins

Answer 3

fluid mosaic model

Question 4

A number of proteins are
embedded in the lipid bilayer in a
way that resembles a

Answer 4

mosaic pattern

Question 5

The membrane structure is ___ rather than motionless,
and the lipids move ___ within the membrane.

Answer 5

fluid ; laterally

Question 6

The phosphate end of the phospholipid molecule is

Answer 6

polar

Question 7

the fatty acid chains are

Answer 7

nonpolar

Question 8

polar “head” is

Answer 8

hydrophilic

Question 9

nonpolar “tail” is

Answer 9

hydrophobic

Question 10

plasma membrane is choosy about what substances can pass through it, it’s said to be

Answer 10

selectively permeable or semipermeable

Question 11

ease with which substances can pass through a border

Answer 11

permeability

Question 12

most substances can easily pass through

Answer 12

permeable

Question 13

substances can’t pass through

Answer 13

impermeable

Question 14

pupose of membrane’s regulation of the passage of materials

Answer 14

maintain homeostasis

Question 15

requires no energy on the part of the cell

Answer 15

passive transport

Question 16

The molecules are moving from where they’re __ to where they’re
___.

Answer 16

more concentrated ; less concentrated

Question 17

Movement of molecules from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration

Answer 17

diffusion

Question 18

it is the only means for gaseous movement within the plant’s body

Answer 18

diffusion

Question 19

The molecules in a gas, a liquid or a solid are in constant motion due to
their

Answer 19

kinetic energy

Question 20

random movement of molecules due to kinetic energy

Answer 20

Brownian motion

Question 21

Unequal distribution of molecules

Answer 21

concentration gradient

Question 22

Once the molecules become uniformly distributed, ___ ___ exists.

Answer 22

dynamic equilibrium

Question 23

The greater the difference in concentration, the more rapid the diffusion. The closer the distribution of the material gets to equilibrium, the slower the diffusion rate.

Answer 23

extent of the conentration gradient

Question 24

Heavier molecules move more slowly; therefore, they diffuse more slowly. The reverse is true for lighter molecules.

Answer 24

mass of the olecules diffusing

Question 25

As the density of a solvent increases, the diffusion rate decreases. The molecules slow down because they have a more difficult time passing through the denser medium.

Answer 25

solvent density

Question 26

nonpolar or lipid-soluble materials pass through plasma membranes more easily than polar materials, allowing a faster diffusion rate.

Answer 26

solubility

Question 27

Increased surface area increases the diffusion rate; whereas, a thicker membrane reduces it.

Answer 27

Surface area and plasma membrane thickness

Question 28

The greater the distance that a substance must travel, the slower the diffusion rate. This places an upper limitation on cell size.

Answer 28

distance travelled

Question 29

Diffusion of water across a semi-permeable membrane.

Answer 29

osmosis

Question 30

Movement of water from region of high concentration to a region of low concentration down a concentration gradient.

Answer 30

osmosis

Question 31

The method plants use to draw water from the soil into the xylem cells in their roots

Answer 31

osmosis

Question 32

The molecules diffuse through the membrane with the help of transport proteins (carrier proteins).

Answer 32

Facilitated diffusion

Question 33

act like pores that allow water to diffuse across the membrane at a very fast rate

Answer 33

aquaporins

Question 34

Uses energy usually in the form of ATP to pump molecules against the concentration gradient.

Answer 34

active transport

Question 35

2 types of transport

Answer 35

passive transport active transport

Question 36

Types of passive transport

Answer 36

diffusion osmosis facilitated diffusion

Question 37

In active transport movable carrier proteins are called

Answer 37

pumps

Question 38

root hairs of plants allows plants to absorb mineral ions, which are necessary for healthy growth.

Answer 38

active transport

Question 39

describes how an extracellular solution can change a cell's volume by affecting osmosis.

Answer 39

tonicity

Question 40

A solution's tonicity often directly correlates with the

Answer 40

solution's osmolarity

Question 41

describes the solution's total solute concentration

Answer 41

osmolarity

Question 42

A solution with ___ ___ has a greater number of water molecules relative to the number of solute particles.

Answer 42

low osmolarity

Question 43

A solution with ___ ___ has fewer water molecules with respect to solute particles

Answer 43

high osmolarity

Question 44

types of tonicity

Answer 44

hypertonic isotonic hypotonic

Question 45

hypertonic animal cell= plant cell=

Answer 45

shriveled ; plasmolysed

Question 46

isotonic animal cell= plant cell=

Answer 46

normal ; flaccid

Question 47

hypotonic animal cell= plant cell=

Answer 47

lysed ; turgid

Question 48

extracellular fluid having a higher osmolarity than the cell’s cytoplasm; therefore, the fluid contains less water than the cell does

Answer 48

hypertonic

Question 49

Because the cell has a relatively higher water concentration, water will leave the cell.

Answer 49

hypertonic

Question 50

Because the cell has a relatively higher water concentration, water will leave the cell.

Answer 50

Hypertonic

Question 51

the extracellular fluid has lower osmolarity than the fluid inside the cell, and water enters the cell.

Answer 51

hypotonic

Question 52

In this situation, water will follow its concentration gradient and enter the cell.

Answer 52

hypotonic

Question 53

point at which the plant cell membrane pushes against the cell wall, making the cell swollen and firm, usually because it’s full of liquid

Answer 53

turgidity

Question 54

The plasma membrane pushing (force) against the cell wall creates a pressure

Answer 54

turgor pressure

Question 55

When the plasmolysed cell is placed in a hypotonic solution, the water travels into the cell, due to the higher concentration of water outside the cell. Then the cell swells and becomes turgid.

Answer 55

deplasmolysis