Morphoanatomy of Stem

Question 1

an axis

Answer 1

stem

Question 2

stem plus any leaves, flowers, or
buds that may be present

Answer 2

shoot

Question 3

provide internal transport

Answer 3

stem

Question 4

support leaves and reproductive
structures

Answer 4

stem

Question 5

produce new living tissue

Answer 5

stem

Question 6

points at which leaves, aerial roots, and flowers are attached

Answer 6

nodes

Question 7

segments between nodes

Answer 7

internodes

Question 8

the area between the base of a leaf
and the stem – where it can give rise to a branch or a flower

Answer 8

axillary bud

Question 9

contains the apical meristem

Answer 9

terminal bud

Question 10

tiny raised pores for gaseous exchange

Answer 10

lenticels

Question 11

where the leaf stalks grew from the
stem

Answer 11

leaf scars

Question 12

appear as tiny raised dots in the leaf scars

Answer 12

bundle scars

Question 13

ring of small narrow scars left by falling away of the bud scales and
forming a complete thin circle
around a twig

Answer 13

bud scars

Question 14

circular scars left by the falling away
of branch twigs

Answer 14

twig scars

Question 15

are green throughout without
deposition of lignin that would make them woody

Answer 15

herbaceous stems

Question 16

The apical meristem
produces ___
and ___

Answer 16

leaf primordia ; bud primordia

Question 17

will form leaves

Answer 17

leaf primordia

Question 18

will form shoots

Answer 18

bud primordia

Question 19

The shoot meristem has ___ producing the epidermis and the layers of cells beneath it

Answer 19

tunica

Question 20

produces the cortex, pith and vascular tissues

Answer 20

corpus

Question 21

zone in apical shoot meristem where cell division occurs

Answer 21

central zone

Question 22

zone where leaves, shoots and new
meristems form

Answer 22

peripheral zone

Question 23

zone where stem growth occurs

Answer 23

rib zone

Question 24

stomata in herbaceous plant becomes ___ when matured

Answer 24

lenticels

Question 25

come from vascular bundle in dicot stem

Answer 25

bundle scars

Question 26

The influence of the apical bud on overall plant growth

Answer 26

apical dominance

Question 27

diminishes the growth of axillary buds that form along the sides of branches and stems

Answer 27

apical dominance

Question 28

when apical dominance occurs, growth of ___ ___ is suppressed

Answer 28

lateral buds

Question 29

adds leaves and lengthens stems and roots in the younger regions of a plant

Answer 29

primary growth

Question 30

thickens stems and roots in older regions where primary growth has stopped

Answer 30

secondary growth

Question 31

produces replacement cells in the plant body so that newly formed cells in root and shoot tips remain connected

Answer 31

secondary growth

Question 32

cut in a plane that does not pass through the center of the stem but instead passes at a right angle to a radius

Answer 32

tangential section

Question 33

cut in a plane that passes through the center along a radius of the stem

Answer 33

radial section

Question 34

Both tangential and radial sections are

Answer 34

longitudinal sections

Question 35

usually arises from parenchyma cells in the outer cortex, produces periderm

Answer 35

cork cambium

Question 36

functional replacement for the epidermis

Answer 36

periderm

Question 37

areas of the cork in which the cork cells are loosely arranged, permitting gas exchange through the periderm

Answer 37

lenticels

Question 38

wood of flowering plants

Answer 38

hardwood

Question 39

wood of conifers

Answer 39

softwood

Question 40

wood of conifers lack fibers and vessel elements

Answer 40

softwood

Question 41

only conducting cells for conifer woods

Answer 41

tracheids

Question 42

science of analyzing tree ring growth patterns

Answer 42

dendrochronology

Question 43

tool that can be drilled into the center of a tree

Answer 43

increment borer

Question 44

the older layers of secondary xylem no longer transport water and minerals

Answer 44

heartwood

Question 45

they are closer to the center of a stem or root

Answer 45

heartwood

Question 46

The newest, outer layers of secondary xylem still transport xylem sap

Answer 46

sapwood

Question 47

run almost parallel to the ground, or just below the surface

Answer 47

runners

Question 48

give rise to new plants at the nodes

Answer 48

runners

Question 49

flattened leaf-like appearance that performs photosynthesis

Answer 49

cladophylls

Question 50

leafless, spirally coiled structure found in climbers

Answer 50

stem tendrils

Question 51

sharp outgrowths that protect the plant

Answer 51

thorns

Question 52

fleshy and horizontal stem found below in soil

Answer 52

rhizome

Question 53

Small nodes and internodes are found which are covered by scaly leaves.

Answer 53

rhizomes

Question 54

Vertical shoots may arise from the buds

Answer 54

rhizome

Question 55

stores food for renewing the growth of shoots after periods of stress

Answer 55

rhizome

Question 56

store starch

Answer 56

tuber

Question 57

arise as swollen ends of stolons, and contain many adventitious or unusual buds

Answer 57

tuber

Question 58

large buds surrounded by numerous fleshy or papery leaves with a small stem at the lower end for food and water storage during dormancy

Answer 58

bulb

Question 59

composed almost entirely of stem tissue, except for the few papery, scale-like leaves sparsely covering the outside

Answer 59

corms