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Trauma Flashcards

(42 cards)

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1
Q

What are risk factors for hip fractures?

A
  • Osteoporosis
  • Smoking
  • Malnutrition
  • Excess alcohol
  • Low BMI
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2
Q

A fracture between the femoral head and occurring in the femoral neck is known as what?

A
  • an intra-capsular femoral fracture
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3
Q

A fracture occurring distal to the femoral neck is know as

A
  • extra-capsular femoral fracture
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4
Q

What type of femoral hip fracture is at greatest risk for avascular necrosis?

A
  • intra-capsular
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5
Q

What are the 3 blood supplies to femoral head?

A
  • intramedullary artery
  • medial and lateral circumflex
  • artery of ligamentum teres
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6
Q

What would be the physical symptoms of a hip fracture?

A
  • unable to weight bear

- limb may be shorter and externally rotated if displaced

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7
Q

What it the name for the ‘normal’ curve of the femur and acetabulum on x-ray?

A
  • Shenton’s line
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8
Q

What are the treatment options for an intracapsular fracture of the femur?

A
  • Total hip replacement
  • compression hip screw
  • arthroplasty
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9
Q

What are the treatment options for an extracapsular fracture of the femur?

A
  • Dynamic hip screw

- transmedullary nail

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10
Q

What is the initial treatment of an open fracture?

A
  • Antibiotics within 3 hours

- IV co-amoxiclav

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11
Q

What is the treatment of choice for compartment syndrome?

A
  • fasciotomy
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12
Q

What classification is used for fractures of the fibula?

A
  • Weber classification
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13
Q

Weber B fracture refers to what?

A
  • Fracture of the fibula at the level of the syndesmosis
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14
Q

What is a complication of a tibia shaft fracture?

A
  • open

- compartment syndrome

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15
Q

Schatzker classification is used for what?

A
  • tibial plateau fracture
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16
Q

Femoral shaft fracture is associated with what?

A
  • significant blood loss
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17
Q

What treatment is used for a femoral shaft fracture?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Thomas’ splint

- IM nail

18
Q

Distal radius fracture occurs after what type of injury?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • FOOSH

- fall on outstretched hand

19
Q

Humeral shaft fracture may cause neurovascular injury to which nerve?

20
Q

What is the most common shoulder dislocation

21
Q

What nerve must be assessed after a shoulder dislocation?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • axillary nerve
22
Q

Interphalangeal joint dislocations are almost always ___anterior/posterior___

23
Q

Patella dislocations are most commonly _____

24
Q

What might be seen on examination of a patella dislocation?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • pain medially
  • effusion
  • apprehension test
25
What is concerning about a knee dislocation?
- popliteal artery and vein injury | - peroneal nerve injury damage
26
Management of a knee dislocation?
- reduction under sedation - theatre reduction - stabilise and splint
27
Hip dislocations may be a result of?
- RTA | - high velocity injury
28
Hip dislocations are most commonly_____
- posterior
29
What would be the presentation of a hip dislocation?
- shortened limb - flexed - internally rotated - adducted knee
30
What are the 2 most common complications of hip dislocation?
- sciatic nerve palsy | - avascular necrosis
31
What is the physis?
- growth plate
32
Why are children more likely to experience a greenstick fracture?
- Thicker periosteum | - incomplete fracture
33
What may be a red flag for NAI?
- inconsistency in history - injury doesn't match history - children under 2 with a fracture - previous injuries - delay in treatment
34
What does HEID stand for?
- History - Examination - Investigation - Diagnosis
35
How might you assess the radial nerve in a child?
- thumbs up
36
How might you asses the median nerve in a child?
- ok sign
37
How might you assess the ulnar nerve in a child?
- starfish
38
What are the 3 Rs for fracture management?
- Reduce - Retain - Rehabilitate
39
What displaces fractures
- Muscle action | - Gravity
40
Treatment of a diaphyseal fracture?
- joint above and below immobilised | - prevents rotation
41
Treatment of a metaphyseal fracture?
- adjacent joint immobilised
42
Growth plate fracture classification?
- Salter Harris classification

MSK (16 decks)

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