Trauma Cabinet

Question 1

IO placement

IO is used for difficult access for up to ___ hours. It may be extended up to ___ hours in patients over the age of ___.

Answer 1

IO is used for difficult access for up to 24 hours. It may be extended up to 48 hours in patients over the age of 12.

Question 2

IO placement

IO has a ___% success rate.

Answer 2

IO has a 97% success rate.

Question 3

IO placement

What are some possible IO sites for an adult over 22 years old?

Answer 3

• Proximal humerus
• Proximal tibia
• Distal tibia

Question 4

IO placement

What are some possible IO insertion sites for a patient under the age of 21?

Answer 4

• Distal femur
• Proximal humerus
• Proximal tibia
• Distal tibia

Question 5

IO placement

Contraindications for IO placement.

Answer 5

• Fracture at the target bone.
• Infection at the area of insertion.
• Excessive tissue (severe obesity) and/or absence of adequate anatomical landmarks.
• IO access or attempted IO access in target bone within previous 48 hours.
• Previous, significan orthopedic procedure at the site, or prosthetic limb or joint.

Question 6

IO placement

Proximal Humerus

• ? seconds to heart with meds/fluids
• Flow rates average ? ml/min under pressure

Proximal Tibia
* Flow rates average ? ml/min under pressure

Answer 6

Proximal Humerus
* 3 seconds to heart with meds/fluids
* Flow rates average 105 ml/min under pressure

Proximal Tibia

• Flow rates average 16.6 ml/min under pressure.

Question 7

IO placement

Sizes of each IO needle.

Answer 7

• Pink needle: 15mm (3-39kg)
• Blue needle: 25mm (More than or equal to 3kg)
• Yellow needle: 45mm (More than or equal to 40kg)

Question 8

IO placement

With the tip of the needle touching bone, at least one black line must be visible above the skin.

Answer 8

Black lines slide

Question 9

IO placement

Insert needle into greater tubercle at a ? degree angle, as if aiming toward ?.

Answer 9

Insert needle into greater tubercle at a 45 degree angle, as if aiming toward hip.

Insertion angle slide

Question 10

IO placement

Flushing the IO.

Answer 10

• Adults: 5-10 mL
• Infants & small children: 2-5 mL

Question 11

QuikClot

A “Hemostatic Agent” is defined as a substance that helps to ?.

“Hemo” means ?.
“Static” means ?.

Answer 11

A “Hemostatic Agent” is defined as a substance that helps to “stop bleeding”.

“Hemo” means “pertaining to blood”.
“Static” means “a fixed or stationary condition”.

Question 12

Kaolin and its role in combat gauze

Answer 12

Combat guaze contains an active ingredient called kaolin.

Kaolin (kaolinite) is an inert mineral that works with the body’s natural systems to help stop bleeding.

1. Kaolinite is a clay material.
2. kaolinite is commonly used in many industry applications.
3. Kaolinite prompts activation of the body’s natural clotting cascade.

Question 13

Combat guaze produces heat.
True or false?

Answer 13

False, it does not produce heat.

Question 14

Combat Gauze and Tourniquets

Answer 14

• A tourniquet should be the first treatemtn for a wound resulting in life-threatening bleeding from an extremity (arm or leg).
• Combat Gauze should be the first treatment for a wound resulting in life-threatening bleeding from an area not suitable for tourniquet application.
• Combat Guaze can be used in conjuction with a tourniquet for persistent bleeding following tourniquet application to an extremity.

Question 15

Combat Guaze LE may need to be applied with up to ? minutes of direct pressure to be effective.

Answer 15

Combat Guaze LE may need to be applied with up to 3 minutes of direct pressure to be effective.