_______ occurs when an object enters the body and exchanges energy with human tissue, thereby causing injury.
Penetrating trauma
What is the leading cause of death of persons under age 44?
Trauma
Which type of trauma occurs as injury that occurs as the energy and forces of collision with an object -not the object itself- enter the body and damage tissue?
Blunt trauma
Serious and life threatening injury occurs in fewer than ____ precent of trauma patients.
10%
What is the best care a paramedic can offer a trauma patient?
Immobilize Cspine Secure airway Ensure adequate respirations Control any significant external hemorrhage Rapid transport
What is involved in the trauma triage criteria?
Consideration of mechanisms by which patients are injured
Physical or clinical findings indicating internal injury
How did the Trauma Care Systems Planning and Development Act of 1990 help EMS?
Established guidelines, funding, and state-level leadership and support for the development of trauma systems
The trauma system is predicated on the principal that serious trauma is a?
Surgical disease
What is the criteria for a level 1 trauma center?
Commits resources to address all types of specialty trauma 24 hours a day, 7 days a week
What is the criteria for a level 2 trauma center?
Commits the resources to address the most common trauma emergencies with surgical capability available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week
Which level trauma center will stabilize and transport specialty cases to the regional trauma center?
Level 2
What is the criteria for a level 3 trauma center?
Commits to special emergency department training and has some surgical capacity
Which level trauma center will usually stabilize and transfer seriously injured trauma patients to a higher-level trauma center as needed?
Level 3
A regional trauma center is also known as which level?
1
An area trauma center is also known as which level?
2
A community trauma center is also known as which level?
3
What is the criteria for a level 4 trauma center?
A small community hospital or medical care facility may be designated a trauma receiving facility
What level trauma center will stabilize and prepare trauma patients with moderate to serious injuries for transport to a higher facility?
Level 4
A trauma facility is also known as which level?
4
In rural regions, a level _____ center may act as the regional trauma center because the incidence of serious trauma does not support any greater commitment.
3
What specialty service is important in the treatment of carbon monoxide poisoning and problems related to scuba diving?
Hyperbaric Oxygenation
What types of centers are more likely to provide a higher level of intensive care and state-of-the-art injury management than other facilities?
Specialty centers
The ________ are guidelines established to help the paramedic determine which patients require the services of a trauma center or if they do not.
Trauma triage criteria
What should be considered in the mechanism of injury analysis?
Forces involved in the incident
Direction from which patient came
Areas most affected by these forces
What are the possible mechanisms of injury in an MVC?
Energy exchange process between the auto and what it struck, between the patient and the auto interior, and various tissues and organs as the collide within the patient
When should mechanism of injury be considered?
During scene size-up
What should be reconsidered as the first step of the focused history and physical exam for trauma patients?
Mechanism of injury
What is the index of suspicion?
The anticipation of injury to a body region, organ, or structure based on analysis of the mechanism of injury
The probability of internal injury at lower speeds is ____ than higher speeds.
Less
What are the physical signs suggesting trauma?
Signs and symptoms of shock and those of internal head injury
What is important to note about the bodies compensatory mechanisms for internal blood loss?
Body compensates well for internal blood loss and hides serious signs of injury until late in the shock process
What is the golden hour?
The 60 minute period after a severe injury and the maximum acceptable time between injury and surgery
How much time is ideally given for primary and rapid secondary assessments, emergency stabilization, patient packaging, and initiation of transport for the severe trauma patient?
10 mins
What does the “lets not mean by accident” program do for ems?
Increases societies awareness of trauma systems as well as an appreciation for safety oriented behaviors
What is the trauma registry?
It is a uniform and standard set of data collected by regional trauma centers which are analyzed to determine how well the system is working
What occurs in the QI process?
Committees look at selected care modalities to determine if designated standards of care are being met
What is the term used for the selected care modalities in the QI process?
Indicators
What is done by QI committees if system standards are not being met?
Continuing education programs
Modification of protocols
When will you begin your consideration of the mechanism of injury?
During scene size up
