Traumatic brain injuries

Question 1

TBI Symptoms

Answer 1

Vary from mild to severe.

Physical: loss of consciousness, headache, nausea, blurred vision, sleeping disorders
Mental: memory, speaking, depression

Question 2

Glasgow Coma Scale

Answer 2

1. Eye opening response
2. Verbal response
3. Motor response

Question 3

Longterm outcomes for milf and severe TBIs

Answer 3

Severe: 15% can develop some independent living capabilities
Mild: 10-15% have symptoms one year later

Question 4

Mild TBI

Answer 4

Temporary loss of neurological function without apparent structural damage

Question 5

Post-concussion syndrome (persidtsnt post-concusion syndrome)

Answer 5

Constellation kg symptoms that prrsist after mild TBI
- phydical, cog, behavioral, emotional
-headache, dizziness, anxiety, insomnia, problems with concentration and memory

Question 6

Biomechanical forces

Answer 6

1. Linear
2. Rotational
3. Impact deceleration

Question 7

Coup injury

Answer 7

Damage occurs directly under site of impact

Question 8

Contrecoup injury

Answer 8

Damage occurs on the side opposite from the impact

Question 9

Primary injury

Answer 9

Focal and diffuse: results from mechanical injury at time of trauma

Question 10

Secondary injury

Answer 10

Caused by the physiological responses to the initial injury and include a series of neuro-chemical cascade effects

Question 11

Secondary Injuries

Answer 11

Excitotoxicity, ischemia, inflammation

Question 12

Hemorrhage

Answer 12

Uncontrolled bleeding inside brain

Question 13

Hematoma

Answer 13

Blood clot in brain

Question 14

Contusion

Answer 14

Bruise of the brain’s surface that extends down through the cortex

Question 15

Cerebral ischemia

Answer 15

A condition in which there isn’t enough blood flow to brain to meet metabolic demand. A result of increased intracranial pressure caused by increased intracranial volume following an injury

Question 16

Cerebral hypocia

Answer 16

A condition in which there is decreased oxygen supply to the brain

Question 17

Brain herniation

Answer 17

A pressure gradient originating from the lesion site causes displacement of brain tissue

Question 18

Diffuse Axonal Injury

Answer 18

Shearing of axons that leads to disconnection or malfunction of neuron’s interconnection

Question 19

Axonal Pathology with DAI — AB Peptide

Answer 19

-retraction bulb and varicosities
-APP accumulate at injured axons
-APP proteolysis generates amyloid B peptide

Question 20

Sprouting

Answer 20

Restoration of damaged neural circuit: new dendrites, axons, and synapses grow

Question 21

Generation of new neurons

Answer 21

Neuronal replacement depends on maintenance of neural stem cell

Question 22

Functional compensation

Answer 22

Uninjured areas of the brain take over the functions lost or reroute info around injured areas