traumatic brain injury

Question 1

what are these two brain injuries called

Answer 1

coup and contrecoup

Question 2

describe GCS

Answer 2

Question 3

mild mod severe gcs parameters

Answer 3

13-15, 9-12, 3-8
there is no zero

Question 4

other thaan GCS what other

Question 5

signs of basal skull fracture (4)

Answer 5

otorrhoea
panda eyes
hemotypanum
postauricular ecchymosis

Question 6

what could mri see that ct couldn’t see on TBI

Answer 6

diffuse axonal injury

Question 7

what two things create intracranial pressure

Answer 7

cerebral blood flow, cerebrospinal fluid

Question 8

describe the 6 types of brain herniation

Answer 8

Question 9

which type of herniation can cause dilated pupil

Answer 9

uncal

Question 10

extradural haematoma most often caused by

Answer 10

Middle meningeal artery

Question 11

subdural haematomna most often caused by injury in

Answer 11

bridging cortical veins

Question 12

what is this pathology

Answer 12

sub arachnoid haematoma - blood signal is white

Question 13

what is Battle sign

Answer 13

post-auricular ecchymosis

Question 14

what size haematoma needs to be evacuated regardless of GCS

Answer 14

30cm3

Question 15

acute management of acute TBI

Answer 15

ABC
seizure prophylaxis (phenytoin/levetiracetam)
sedation (benzos/propofol)
cesation and reversal of warfarin (fresh frozen plasma and Vit K)

Question 16

short term therapy for increased intracranial pressure

Answer 16

infusion of mannitol or hypertonic saline