Traumatic Diseases Flashcards
(17 cards)
Primary brain damage occurs from which 4 types of TBI?
diffuse axonal injury, focal injury, coup=contracoup, closed or open
Secondary brain damage occurs from which 3 types of TBI?
hypoxic-ischemic, swelling, or concussion
4 spinal levels of greatest frequency of SCI
C5, C7, T12, L1
ASIA A
Complete
Nothing below level, nothing to sacral segments S4-5
ASIA B
Incomplete
Sensory only present below level
ASIA C
Incomplete
Motor and Sensory present below level.
Motor grade less than 3.
ASIA D
Incomplete
Motor and Sensory present below level.
Motor grade more than 3.
ASIA E
Normal motor and sensory function.
Central Cord Syndrome
Damage to: medial tracts
Loss of: bilateral UE CST, bilateral STT. Preserved DCML.
Typical cause: hyperextension of cervical spine
Brown-Sequard Syndrome
Damage to: one half of the spinal cord
Loss of: contralateral STT (bilateral loss at level), ipsilateral DCML and CST.
Typical cause: gunshot or knife wound.
Anterior Cord Syndrome
Damage to: anterior half of spinal cord
Loss of: bilateral CST, bilateral STT, preserved DCML.
Posterior Cord Syndrom
Damage to: posterior half of spinal cord
Loss of: bilateral DCML, preserved CST and STT.
Cauda Equina
LMN injury
Damage to: long nerve roots at or below L1.
Flaccid paralysis with no spinal reflex, no bowers and bladder.
SCI at what level will impact breathing?
C3-5 (diaphragm)
Spinal Shock
Transient period of reflex depression and flaccidity. Lasts hours up to 24 weeks
Autonomic dysreflexia
emergency situation
noxious stimulus causes autonomic reflex with HTN, bradycardia, HA, diaphoresis, flushing, diplopia, convulsions.
Find irritating stimuli, treat as emergency, raise head, empty catheter
Heterotopic bone formation
abnormal bone growth in soft tissues
