Treatment of Disease

Question 1

Religion and Superstition Medieval

Answer 1

herbal treatments, Doctrine of signatures Saxifrage to cure kidney stones, buy indulgences

Question 2

Religion Early Modern

Answer 2

The Great Plague - treated by burning candles, avoiding sex, attach a live chicken to buboes, public prayers

Question 3

Religion 19th Century

Answer 3

Opposition to anaesthetics, still used 4 humours to treat cholera outbreaks

Question 4

Religion and Superstition 20th Century

Answer 4

Alternative medicine, thalidomide caused distrust in medicine, aromatherapy, 1 in 10 doctors now prescribe alternative medicine

Question 5

Individuals Medieval

Answer 5

Hippocrates - 4 humours

Rhazes - considered allergies like hay fever and noticed fevers were a body’s natural healing method

Question 6

Individuals Early Modern

Answer 6

Edward Jenner - given £10,000 in 1802, £20,000 in 1807, 1853 vaccinations compulsory. polio is now eradicated

Question 7

Individuals 19th Century

Answer 7

Paul Ehrlich - Salvarsan 606, magic bullet, targeted specific germs
Koch - isolated causes of disease like typhoid and the plague

Question 8

Individuals 20th Century

Answer 8

Crick and Watson - 1953 discovered DNA, led to the Human Genome Project. this was completed in 2003 with the effect of gene therapy to treat disease

Question 9

Chance Medieval

Answer 9

Black death - popping buboes released some of the infection
Some remedies work - Bald’s Leechbook - used crop leek and garlic mixed with bullock’s gall and wine applied from a horn with a feather, effective in treating MRSA

Question 10

Chance Early Modern

Answer 10

Edward Jenner - lucky to overhear milk maids

Paré - his ointment worked

Question 11

Chance 19th Century

Answer 11

Chicken Cholera Vaccine - Pasteur isolated germ, it was exposed to the air, disease became attenuated, Chamberland injected chicken with this form, immunised chicken

Question 12

Chance 20th Century

Answer 12

Fleming- WW1 sent to study wounded soldiers, staphylococci caused septicaemia, went on holiday, mould killed the germ, mould was penicillin.

Question 13

Science and Technology

Answer 13

Medieval -Urine charts, zodiac charts, wound man
Early Modern - Alexander Gordon’s study on Child bed fever spread by doctors lead to hand washing
19th Century - Machines built to produce tablets, sugar coated pills, allowed accurate dosage and mass production of drugs

Question 14

Warfare

Answer 14

Middle Ages - crusades led to better hygiene and medicines
Early Modern - British empire, sailors, scurvy, James Lind, lime juice
19th century - Franco - Prussian rivalry - rivalry between Koch and Pasteur, pushed each other
20th century - WW1 William Rivers, shell shock treatment

Question 15

Government

Answer 15

Early Modern - made vaccinations compulsory 1853, locked up patients of the great plague for 40 days
20th century - prevention is cheaper than treatment, AIDS, World Health Organisation spent millions on awareness campaigns, payed for production of penicillin