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Prosthetics and Orthotics - Exam 1 > Treatment of the Foot (1) > Flashcards

Treatment of the Foot (1) Flashcards

(90 cards)

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1
Q

what do WBing mechanisms do

A

enhance weight bearing capabilities of the foot

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2
Q

WBing mechanisms

A

curve beam system

arch system

muscular support

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3
Q

curved beam system

A

shape of foot as a whole

WBIng through the curved beam

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4
Q

curved beam system has

A

curved beam

front to back

side to side

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5
Q

curved beam system enhances

A

support of BW from above

WBing capabilities

fxns like building an arch

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6
Q

where is the curved beam

A

half of heel

half on met heads

2x on first met head

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7
Q

arches of the foot

A

anterior transverse arch

lateral longitudinal arch

medial longitudinal arch

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8
Q

medial longitudinal arch

A

AP arch on the medial side

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9
Q

medial longitudinal arch is a

A

flexible arch

responsible for mobility of the foot

depresses w/ WB

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10
Q

high point of MLA

A

navicular tubercle

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11
Q

place of arch support –> MLA

A

sustentaculum tali

boney prominence on the calcaneus

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12
Q

measuring the MLA

A

feiss line

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13
Q

Feiss line –> MLA

A

distance from navicular tubercle to floor in weight bearing

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14
Q

what does the height of the tubercle indicate –> feiss line

A

if the arch is normal, depressed or excessive

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15
Q

what do we compare –> feiss line

A

height in WBing and non-WBing to determine the arch

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16
Q

feiss line –> abnormal

A

if the depressing is excessive

resulting in pes planus

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17
Q

pes planus

A

flat foot

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18
Q

lateral longitudinal arch

A

AP arch on the later side

rigid arch

balancing side of the foot

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19
Q

rigid arch –> LLA

A

stability of the foot

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20
Q

balance side of the foot –> LLA

A

WB on LLA during MS in gait

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21
Q

transverse arches

A

transverse metatarsal

transverse tarsal

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22
Q

transverse metatarsal arch

A

metatarsal heads

flexible arch

roundness of front of foot

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23
Q

high point of transverse MT arch

A

2 MT head

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24
Q

flexible arch –> transverse MT arch

A

depressed w/ WB

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25
roundness of front of foot --> transverse MT arch
when excessively depresses --> front of foot flat and splay foot
26
transverse MT arch is supported by
ligament and muscle support easily depressed and stretched out
27
transverse tarsal arch
ML arches across the tarsals rigid arches
28
anterior transverse tarsal arch
cuboid and 3 cuneiforms middle cuneiform = high point/keystone
29
posterior transverse tarsal arch
navicular and cuboid
30
longitudinal muscular control
muscular support of the foot as a whole -abductor hallucis -flexor hallucis longus -ABD digiti minimi -flexor digitorum brevis and longus -flexor digititorum accessory
31
muscles support arches --> MLA
posterior tib fibularis longus FHL ABD HL
32
muscles support arches --> LLA
fibularis brevis and longus ABD DM sling of muscles which support the foot
33
muscles support arches --> TMTA
transverse head ADD hallucis primary muscular support for this arch
34
muscles support arches --> TTA
ADD hallucis fibularis longus posterior tib
35
adult acquired flat foot deformity
chronic posterior tib tendonitis attenuation of posterior tib tendon breakdown of the arches of the foot
36
plantar fascia
runs calcaneus to phalanges
37
what does the plantar fascia support
foot as a whole ML arch
38
inflammation of the plantar fascia
plantar fasciitis
39
causes of plantar fasciitis
flexible foot --> too much motion rigid foot --> too little motion
40
weight transfer during gait
heel and ball --> striking part lateral border --> balancing part medical side --> stable for push off
41
heel and ball
HS/PO
42
lateral border
MS
43
during HS --> weight transfer during gait
hits heel
44
during MS --> weight transfer during gait
move to lateral side of foot
45
PO --> weight transfer during gait
heel off --> move from lateral to medial toe off --> 1st and 2nd met heads
46
how is the foot divided
forefoot/hindfoot divided by midtarsal joints
47
motions of the foot
ADD ABD inversion/eversion supination/pronation
48
ADD --> motions of the foot
movement is towards the midline of the foot
49
ABD --> motions of the foot
movement is away from the midline of the foot
50
inversion/eversion --> motions of the foot
uniplanar
51
supination/pronation --> motions of the foot
triplanar
52
general principles of subtalar movement
rearfoot/forefoot movement could be open chain or close chain
53
open chain --> subtalar
rearfoot and forefoot move together follows the calcaneus talus doesnt move
54
closed chain --> subtalar
rearfoot and forefoot move opposite to each other talus moves on a fixed calcaneus due to weight from above
55
movements of the subtalar joint
supination pronation valgus/varus
56
supination --> open chain --> subtalar
calcaneus inverted, ADD plantar flexion
57
supination --> closed chain --> subtalar
calcaneus --> inversion talus --> ABD, DF
58
pronation --> open chain --> subtalar
calcaneus: everted, ABD, DF
59
pronation --> closed chain --> subtalar
calcaneus --> eversion talus --> ADD and PF
60
pronation is
LE rotation mobile adaptor
61
pronation includes
ankle DF rearfoot eversion calcaneal valgus forefoot ABD midtarsal ABD
62
supination is
LE external rotation rigid lever
63
supination includes
ankle PF rearfoot inversion calcaneal varus forefoot ADD midtarsal ADD
64
what does the subtalar joint do during heel strike
pronates
65
normal --> heel strike @ subtalar
adaptation to terrain shock absorption
66
shock absorption --> normal --> heel strike @ talus
attenuates the forces of HS
67
abnormal --> heel strike @ talus
insufficient pronation excessive pronation
68
insufficient pronation --> heel strike @ talus
decrease shock absorption forces transmitted up kinetic chain LBP, SI joint pain ankle sprains
69
excessive pronation --> heel strike @ talus
energy sparing spring theory less effective as shock absorber
70
energy sparing spring theory --> excessive pronation --> heel strike @ talus
unlocking into pronation absorbing shock
71
less effective as shock absorber --> excessive pronation --> heel strike @ talus
pain in patellar femoral joint
72
push off @ subtalar joint --> normal
propulsion rigid lever stable push off
73
abnormal --> push off @ subtalar joint
insufficient supination excessive supination
74
insufficient supination --> abnormal --> push off @ subtalar joint
foot unlocked unstable for push off
75
unstable to push off --> push off @ subtalar
hallux valgus bunions splay foot callus
76
excessive supination --> abnormal --> push off @ subtalar joint
excessive weight on 5th MT head/lateral foot bunionette
77
deformity
non-WBing
78
compensation
what you see in WBing
79
when does a forefoot valgus occur
forefoot is everted relative to the rearfoot not common
80
when does the forefoot varus
forefoot is inverted to the rearfoot most common cause of excessive pronation
81
when does rearfoot valgus occur
rearfoot is everted
82
when does rearfoot varus occur
rearfoot is inverted can increase maximum pronation
83
forefoot in varus NWB
medial side of foot off ground in NWB body compensates by brining medial side of fot to ground
84
subtalar compensation --> forefoot varus
foot pronation
85
hind foot in varus NWB
medial side of foot is off ground in NWB body compensated by bringing medial side of foot to ground
86
subtalar compensation --> rearfoot varus
foot pronation
87
forefoot in valgus/PF 1st Ray
lateral side foot off ground in NWB body compensates by bringing lateral side of foot to ground
88
subtalar compensation -->forefoot in valgus/PF 1st Ray
foot supination
89
hind foot in valgus
lateral side of foot off ground in NWB body compensates by bringing lateral side of foot to ground
90
subtalar compensation --> hind foot in valgus
foot supination

Prosthetics and Orthotics - Exam 1 (19 decks)

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