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Treatments (Rapid Review) Flashcards

(104 cards)

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1
Q

P450 inducers

A

“CRAP GPS”

Carbamazepine
Rifampin
Alcohol
Phenytoin
Griseofulvin
Phenobarbital
Sulfonylureas

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2
Q

P450 inhibitors

A

Valproate
Ketoconazole
Isoniazid
Sulfonamides
Chloramphenicol
Amiodarone
Erythromycin
Quinidine
Grapefruit juice

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3
Q

ethylene glycol/methanol intoxication

A

fomepizole (alcohol dehydrogenase competitive inhibitor)

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4
Q

chronic hepatitis B or C

A

IFN-alpha (HBV and HCV); ribavirin, simeprevir, sofosbuvir (HCV)

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5
Q

Streptococcus bovis

A

penicillin prophylaxis; evaluation for colon cancer if linked to infective endocarditis

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6
Q

Clostridium botulinum

A

human botulinum immunoglobulin

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7
Q

Clostridium tetani

A

antitoxin and wound debridement

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8
Q

Clostridioides difficile

A

oral vancomycin or fidoxamicin

refractory cases: repeat regimen or fecal microbiota transplant

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9
Q

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

A

ceftriaxone (add azithromycin or doxycycline to cover likely concurrent C. trachomatis)

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10
Q

Neisseria meningitidis

A

penicillin/ceftriaxone, rifampin/ciprofloxacin/ceftriaxone (prophylaxis)

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11
Q

Haemophilis influenzae (B)

A

amoxicillin (+clavulanate) for mucosal infections; ceftriaxone for meningitis, rifampin for prophylaxis

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12
Q

Legionella pneumophila

A

macrolides (azithromycin) or fluoroquinolones

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13
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

A

piperacillin-tazobactam, cephalosporins (3rd/4th gen), monobactams, fluoroquinolones, carbapenems

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14
Q

Treponema pallidum

A

penicillin G

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15
Q

Chlamydia trachomatis

A

azithromycin or doxycycline (+ceftriaxone for gonorrhea coinfection), or erythromycin to treat chlamydial conjunctivitis in infants

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16
Q

Candida albicans

A

topical azoles (vaginitis)

nystatin, fluconazole, capsofungin (oral)

fluconazole, capsofungin, amphotericin B (esophageal or systemic)

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17
Q

Cryptococcus neoformans

A

induction with amphotericin B and flucytosine, maintenance with fluconazole (in AIDS patients)

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18
Q

Sporothrix schenckii

A

itraconazole, oral potassium iodide (only for cutaneous/lymphocutaneous)

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19
Q

Pneumocystis jirovecii

A

TMP-SMX (prophylaxis and treatment), pentamidine, dapsone, atovaquone

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20
Q

Toxoplasma gondii

A

sulfadiazine + pyrimethamine

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21
Q

malaria

A

chloroquine, mefloquine (chloroquine resistant cases), atovaquone/proguanil, primaquine (for liver hypnozoite)

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22
Q

Trichomonas vaginalis

A

metronidazole (patient and partner[s])

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23
Q

Streptococcus pyogenes

A

penicillin

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24
Q

streptococcus pneumoniae

A

penicillin/cephalosporin (systemic infection, pneumonia), vancomycin (meningitis)

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25
Staphylococcus aureus
MSSA: nafcillin, oxacillin, dicloxacillin MRSA: vancomycin, daptomycin, linezolid, ceftaroline
26
Enterococci
vancomycin, aminopenicillins/cephalosporins VRE: daptomycin, linezolid, tigecycline, streptogramins
27
Rickettsia rickettsii
doxycycline, chloramphenicol
28
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
RIPE (rifampin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, ethambutol)
29
recurrent UTI prophylaxis
TMP-SMX
30
influenza
oseltamivir, zanamivir
31
HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis
tenofovir, emtricitabine
32
patent ductus arteriosus
close with NSAIDs (indomethacin, ibuprofen) or acetaminophen; keep open with PGE analogs
33
stable angina
sublingual nitroglycerin
34
hypercholesterolemia
statin (first-line)
35
hypertriglyceridemia
fibrate
36
arrythmia in damaged cardiac tissue
class IB antiarrhythmic (lidocaine, mexiletine)
37
prolactinoma
bromocriptine (dopamine agonist)
38
diabetes insipidus
central: desmopressin nephrogenic: hydrochlorothiazide, indomethacin, amiloride
39
SIADH
fluid restriction, IV hypertonic saline, tolvaptan, demeclocycline
40
diabetic ketoacidosis/hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state
fluids, insulin, K+
41
pheochromocytoma
alpha-antagonists (phenoxybenzamine) then B-blockers
42
carcinoid symptom control
octreotide (somatostatin analog), telotristat (inhibits tryptophan hydroxylase)
43
diabetes mellitus type 1
dietary intervention (low carbohydrate) + insulin replacement
44
diabetes mellitus type 2
dietary intervention, hypoglycemic agents, and insulin (if refractory)
45
gestational diabetes
dietary intervention and exercise, add insulin if refractory
46
Crohn disease
glucocorticoids, infliximab, azathioprine
47
ulcerative colitis
5-ASA preparations (mesalamine), 6-mercaptopurine, infliximab, colectomy
48
sickle cell disease
hydroxyurea (increases fetal hemoglobin)
49
chronic myelogenous leukemia
BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitors (imatinib)
50
acute promyelocytic leukemia (M3)
all-trans retinoic acid, arsenic trioxide
51
drug of choice for anticoagulation in pregnancy
low-molecular-weight heparin (unless there's renal insufficiency, then you have to use unfractionated heparin)
52
immediate anticoagulation
heparin
53
long-term anticoagulation
warfarin, dabigatran, direct factor Xa inhibitors
54
heparin reversal
protamine sulfate
55
warfarin reversal
vitamin K (slow) +/- fresh frozen plasma or prothrombin complex concentrate (rapid)
56
dabigatran reversal
idarucizumab
57
direct factor Xa inhibitor reversal
andexanet alfa
58
HER2 + breast cancer
trastuzumab
59
hemorrhagic cystitis from cyclophosphamide/ifosfamide
mesna
60
nephrotoxicity from platinum compounds
amifostine
61
cardiotoxicity from anthracyclines
dexrazoxane
62
myelosuppression from methotrexate
leucovorin
63
osteoporosis
calcium/vitamin D supplementation (prophylaxis); bisphosphonates, PTH analogs, SERMs, calcitonin, denosumab (treatment)
64
osteomalacia/rickets
vitamin D supplementation
65
chronic gout
xanthine oxidase inhibitors (allopurinol, febuxostat)
66
acute gout attack
NSAIDs, colchicine, glucocorticoids
67
Buerger disease
smoking cessation Buerger disease = thromboangiitis obliterans (medium vessel vasculitis)
68
Kawasaki disease
IVIG, aspirin Kawasaki = medium vessel vasculitis
69
giant cell arteritis
high-dose glucocorticoids (before biopsy)
70
granulomatosis with polyangiitis
cyclophosphamide, glucocorticoids granulomatosis with polyangiitis = Wegener granulomatosis (small vessel vasculitis)
71
neural tube defect prevention
prenatal folic acid
72
migraine
abortive therapies (sumatriptan, NSAIDs); prophylaxis (propranolol, topiramate, anti-CGRP antibodies, amitriptyline)
73
trigeminal neurolgia
carbamazepine
74
multiple sclerosis
disease modifying therapies (beta-interferon, glatiramer, natalizumab, alemtuzumab, rituximab); for acute flares, IV steroids
75
tonic-clonic seizures
levetiracetam, phenytoin, valproate, carbamazepine
76
absence seizures
ethosuzimide
77
malignant hyperthermia
dantrolene
78
ADHD
methylphenidate, amphetamines; behavioral therapy; atomoxetine (NE reuptake inhibitor); guanfacine, clonidine (alpha-2 agonists)
79
schizophrenia
atypical antipsychotics (quetiapine, ziprasidone, aripiprazole, clozapine, risperidone, olanzapine)
80
anorexia nervosa
nutrition, psychotherapy, SSRIs (citalopram, dapoxetine, escitalopram, fluoxetine, paroxetine, sertraline)
81
bulimia nervosa
nutrition rehabilitation, psychotherapy, SSRIs (citalopram, dapoxetine, escitalopram, fluoxetine, paroxetine, sertraline)
82
alcohol use disorder
disulfiram, acamprosate, naltrexone, supportive care
83
bipolar disorder
mood stabilizers (lithium, valproate, carbamazepine), atypical antipsychotics (quetiapine, ziprasidone, aripiprazole, clozapine, risperidone, olanzapine)
84
depression
SSRIs (citalopram, dapoxetine, escitalopram, fluoxetine, paroxetine, sertraline)
85
generalized anxiety disorder
SSRIs (citalopram, dapoxetine, escitalopram, fluoxetine, paroxetine, sertraline), SNRIs (venlafaxine, desvenlafaxine, duloxetine); buspirone (5-HT1A partial agonist; second line)
86
hyperaldosteronism
spironolactone
87
benign prostatic hyperplasia
alpha-1 antagonists, 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors, PDE-5 inhibitors, TURP
88
infertility
leuprolide, GnRH (pulsatile), clomiphene
89
breast cancer in postmenopausal women
aromatase inhibitor (anastrozole)
90
ER/PR positive breast cancer
tamoxifen
91
uterine fibrinoids
leuprolide, GnRH (continuous)
92
prostatic adenocarcinoma
flutamide, GnRH (continuous), degarelix, ketoconazole
93
medical abortion
mifepristone
94
erectile dysfunction
sildenafil
95
pulmonary arterial hypertension (idiopathic)
sildenafil, bosentan, epoprostenol, iloprost
96
schistosomiasis
praziquantel
97
acromegaly
pituitary adenoma resection; octreotide (somatostatin analog), pegvisomant (GH receptor antagonist), or cabergoline (dopamine agonist)
98
thyroid storm
B-blockers (propranolol), propylthiouracil, glucocorticoids (prednisone), potassium iodide iodide load => decreased T4 synthesis (Wolff-Chaikoff effect)
99
serotonin syndrome
cyproheptadine (antihistamine with antiserotonergic properties)
100
distal esophageal spasm
nitrates and calcium channel blockers
101
primary biliary cholangitis
ursodiol
102
granulomatosis with polyangiitis
glucocorticoids + rituximab or cyclophosphamide
103
Enterovius vermicularis (pinworm)
albendazole
104
endometritis
gentamicin + clindamycin +/- ampicillin

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