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Parasitology > Trematodes And Cestodes > Flashcards

Trematodes And Cestodes Flashcards

0
Q

What group of animals are the final and intermediate hosts of digenetic trematodes

A

Vertebrate final host

Mollusk intermediate host - snail

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1
Q

Characteristics of digametic trematodes

A

Covered with syncytium
Typically hermaphroditic
2 suckers, anterior and a posterior
All lay eggs

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2
Q

What developmental stages found in the snail

A

Sporocysts
Daughter sporocysts
Redia
Cercaria (infective to vertebral host)

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3
Q

Characterize trematodes transmission

A

With exception of schistosomes, all transmission of trematodes is via ingestion of the Cercaria stage

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4
Q

Which flukes are transmitted via ingestion of vegetation

A

Fasciolopsis buski - giant intestinal fluke
Fasciola hepatica - sheep liver fluke
Fascioloides magna
Peramphistomes

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5
Q

What are the vertebrate hosts of Fasciolopsis buski

A

Pigs and humans (small intestine)

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6
Q

How are people infected and affected by Fasciolopsis buski

A

Peeling water chestnuts and buffalo nuts with their teeth - ingest metacercarial cyst
Usually no damage with small infections… May see edema of face, intestinal obstruction

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7
Q

In what specific site are Fasciola hepatica found

A

Bile duct of sheep and cattle

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8
Q

What causes disease in Fasciola hepatica infection

A

Larvae leave ingesting, come out through wall, burrow through liver to get to bile duct

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9
Q

Distinguishing feature about Fasciola hepatica cercaria

A

They have a tail

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10
Q

What site specific place are Fascioloides magna found I

A

Cysts in liver of white tailed deer

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11
Q

How do Fascioloides magna affect sheep cattle and bison

A

Sheep - leave dark pigment when destroying liver
Cattle - do not find eggs in feces
Bison - refractory to infection

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12
Q

How do peramphosomes cause pathology

A

Immature flukes burrow into wall of small intestine effort making their way back to the rumen where they live (or cecum/colon in hind gut fermenters)

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13
Q

Which trematodes are transmitted via ingestion of insects

A

Dicrocoelium dendriticum - lanceolate liver fluke

Eurytrema pancreaticum/procyonis

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14
Q

What vertebrates can Dicrocoelium dendriticum be found in, and in what organ
What insect must be ingested

A

Sheep, deer, woodchucks, cattle, pigs
Bile duct
Ants

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15
Q

What age range of animals are pathological with Dicrocoelium dendriticum infection

A

Older animals, must be within animals for a ling time to see pathology

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16
Q

Which trematodes are transmitted via consumption of crayfish and crabs

A

Paragonimus kellicotti

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17
Q

In what hosts and where within the hosts do Paragonimus kellicotti live

A

Mink and bobcats naturally, also can infect dogs and cats

Live in cysts in the lungs (larva migrate straight throughout diaphragm to lungs)

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18
Q

Which trematodes transmitted via ingestion of fish

A

Nanophyetus samlincola
Clonorchis sinensis
Opisthorchis
Metorchis

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19
Q

What hosts are adult Nanophyetus salmincola found in

A

Bear raccoon coyote mink other canids

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20
Q

What agent does Nanophyetus salmincola vector and what is the associated disease

A

Nerickettsia helminthoeca

Mostly fatal diarrhea and vomiting in dogs

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21
Q

What fish are sources of Nanophyetus salmincola

A

Rainbow trout and steelhead trout

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22
Q

What is the common name for Clonorchis sinensis

A

Oriental liver fluke

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23
Q

What are common vertebrate hosts of the oriental liver fluke

A

People in Asia, dogs

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24
Q

What is the vertebrate host of metorchis conjunctus

A

Cat, in bile duct

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25
Q

How is platynosum fastosum transmitted

What are the host and specific site within the host

A

Ingestion of lizards or frogs

Found I bile ducts or gall bladder of cats in the tropics

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26
Q

Alaria species are transmitted via various paratenic hosts. What are their vertebrate final hosts

A

Fox, raccoon, skunk, dog, cat

Live in intestine

27
Q

What is another way to transmit Alaria besides ingestion of paratenic host

A

Passed through milk of cat

28
Q

What stage of Alaria causes disease

A

Larva

29
Q

How are hosts infected with schistosomatidae

A

Skin penetration

30
Q

What does the name schistosomes imply?

A

Split bodies,… Separate males and females

31
Q

What is the scientific name for the America schistosomes and how does it cause disease

A

Heterobilharzia americana

Adults live in veins but, Eggs carried to liver causing fibrosis

32
Q

Why use saline when looking for the human parasite, Schistosoma mansoni

A

Eggs spontaneously hatch in fresh water and would no longer float

33
Q

Distinguishing feature of Schistosomes cercariae

A

Forked tail

34
Q

What causes death in Schistosoma japonicum infection in sheep

A

Huge liver and spleen cause esophageal vertices to rupture

35
Q

Which schistosomes cause zoonotic schistosomes dermatitis

A

Avian schistosomes (via contaminated water)

36
Q

How are Cestoda characterized

A 
No gut (no exceptions), Segmented, White, Live in small intestines as adults, Hermaphroditic, anterior holdfast of some sort, lay eggs that are passed in feces of final host, Final host i
Infected by eating larva in intermediate host
37
Q

Are segments of tapeworms older or youngest just behind the scolex

A

Youngest

38
Q

What does each pro glottis of Cestoda usually have

A 
Genital opening(s)
Both male and female reproductive parts
39
Q

Distinguish between the two types of tapeworms

A

Anapolyitic - segments release eggs into feces

Apolytic - segments detach and pass out with feces before releasing eggs

40
Q

What are 2 types of intermediate hosts of Diphyllobothriidea tapeworms

A

Copepod and vertebrate

41
Q

What is scientific name for broad fish tapeworm

What does it parasitize

A

Diphyllobothriidium latum

Fish eating mammals

42
Q

Life cycle of Diphyllobothridium latum

A

Operculate egg in feces
Out of egg comes coracidium
Ingested by copepod and becomes procercoid
After fish ingests copepod, becomes placeroid
Eventually develops into adult

43
Q

Physical characteristics of Dyphillobothrium latum

A

No hooks or suckers on scolex, only small groove; medial uterus

44
Q

What disease is associates with Diphyllobothriidium latum

A

B12 deficiency in Scandinavian women

45
Q

What are the important host of Spirometra mansonoides

What is associated disease called

A

Final host is bobcat
Can use mammalian paratenic hosts - potentially zoonotic
Sparganosis

46
Q

Characterize scolex of Cyclophyllidea

A

4 suckers

47
Q

Key points about life cycle of Cyclophyllidia

A

Terrestrial, only 1 intermediate host

48
Q

What type if animal is the second host of Mesocestoides

A

Vertebrates, often dogs

49
Q

Common name for Dipylidium caninum

A

Flea tapeworm (a Cyclophyllidia)

50
Q

Where are adult DIPYLIDIUM found, how was it transmitted

How are eggs deposited

A

Dog and cat, ingestion of infected flea

- segments crawl out to deposit eggs

51
Q

Anoplocephalids are parasites of?

Intermediate hosts are?

A

Herbivores, typically not pathogenic

Free living arthropods

52
Q

Genus of anoplocephala in sheep and cattle

A

Monieza (species in cattle have square eggs)

53
Q

Which anoplocephala in horse and at what site

A

A. Magna in jejunum

A. Perfoliats at ileo-cecal junction (has really narrow segments)

54
Q

Describe final host, intermediate host, physical characteristics and geographic distribution of Thysanosoma actinoides

A

Sheep
Booklice
Fringed segments
Western US

55
Q 
Describe larval stages of Taeniid tapeworms
Cystocercus
Strobilocercus
Coenurus
Hydatid
A

Cyctocercus - one head per bladder
Strobilocercus - one head per bladder, but has strobilization (segments)
Coerunus - multiple heads per bladder
Hydatid - thousands of heads per cyst (only Echinococcus)

56
Q

How long does it take for Taenia segment to be shed

A

2 months

57
Q

Canine Taenia species and their larval forms

A

T. Ovis - cysticercus in sheep
T. Multiceps - coenurus in sheep
T. Pisiformis - cysticercus in rabbit
T. Serialis - coenurus in rabbit
T. Hydantigena - cysticercus in ruminants
Foxes: T. Crassiceps - cysticercus in rodents

58
Q

What is the feline Taenia species and their intermediate host

A

T. Taeniaeformis

Rats (strobilicercus)

59
Q

What are human Taenia species, larval type and intermediate host

A

Taenia sanginata - cysticercus in beef muscle
T. Asiatica - cysticercus in swine
T. Solium - cysticercus in pork and in people

60
Q

Distinguish between Taenia saginata and T. solium

A

T. Saginata scolex has no hooks or suckers, t. Solium has sucker and 2 rows of hooks.
Pro glottis of T. Saginata has more uterine branching than t. solium

61
Q

Common name for Taenia asiatica

A

Pork liver tapeworm

62
Q

Echinococcus larval stage

A

Hydatid

63
Q

Two important Echinicoccus species in dogs

A

E. granulosus

E. multilocularis

64
Q

Where do Echinococcus granulosus larvae usually migrate within the cervid intermediate host to form the hydatid cyst

How do the larva get into the int. host

A

Lungs

Eggs released in canid feces are ingested by cervids and hatch into larva

65
Q

What is a protoscolex

A

Larval tapeworms that develop from the hydatid cyst

66
Q

Where to Echinococcus multilocularis hydatids usually develop

A

Lungs of rodents

Parasitology (8 decks)

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