TRENDS Final

Question 1

It is concerned with the true, essential or philosophical nature of the concept.

Answer 1

real definition

Question 2

It is concerned with what has been agreed upon by society, a particular community or by a researcher that helps to imagine and describe what the concept is.

Answer 2

nominal definition

Question 3

It specifies the indicators of the concept to enable its measurement directly or indirectly.

Answer 3

operational definition

Question 4

Derives from two Greek words “demos” and “kratos”

Answer 4

Democracy

Question 5

Demos means?

Answer 5

common people

Question 6

Kratos means ?

Answer 6

rule

Question 7

Essentially means the rule of the common people.

Answer 7

Democracy

Question 8

Calling the common people simply, the people, he questioned how the people are designated (Dahl,1989)

Answer 8

Robert Dahl

Question 9

For ____ democracy has to be preceded by national feeling or a feeling of national unity for ― The people cannot decide until somebody decides who are the people. (Rustow, 1970)

Answer 9

Rustow

Question 10

It may therefore be conceived of as a mixture of some essence of democracy and some measure of dictatorship.

Answer 10

Democratic Practice

Question 12

’ is often present where local governments offer only limited opportunities for civic engagement.

Answer 12

Civic disconnect

Question 13

cost of public participation

Answer 13

monetary costs
non-monetary costs
risks

Question 14

Including staff time (paid and unpaid), staff expenses, external staff, fees to participants, participants‘ expenses, training for staff and participants, administration, venue hire, other event costs (e.g. refreshments, equipment), newsletters, leaflets, monitoring and evaluation fees.

Answer 14

Monetary costs

Question 16

including time contributed by participants, and skills needed for the new approach (taking time from other work)

Answer 16

Non-monetary costs

Question 17

Including risks to reputation (from bad participatory practice), stress, uncertainty and conflict.

Answer 17

Risks

Question 18

Types/Models of Democracy
➢ When the ____ was founded, the Founders created a democratic republic, a system of government in which the power to govern comes from the people, but elected officials represent their interests. This system of government allows American citizens to participate in government in many ways.

➢ These different opinions have sprouted three popular models of democracy:
1.
2.
3.

Answer 18

United States

1. Participatory
2. Pluralist
3. Elite

Question 19

is a model of democracy in which citizens have the power to make policy decisions. Participatory democracy emphasizes the broad participation of people in politics. Citizens can influence policy decisions, but do not make them.

Answer 19

Participatory Democracy

Question 20

is a model of democracy in which no single group dominates politics and organized groups compete with each other to influence policy. In a pluralist democracy, individuals work through groups formed around common causes.

Answer 20

Pluralist Democracy

Question 21

is a model of democracy in which a small number of people, usually those who are wealthy or well-educated, influence political decisionmaking. The elite democratic model argues that participation in politics should be limited to a small group of highly-informed individuals who can make the best decisions for all citizens.

Answer 21

Elite Democracy