Triannon Flashcards
(20 cards)
When and where was the Treaty of Trianon signed, and why?
June 4, 1920, at the Grand Trianon Palace in Versailles; to formally end WWI between Hungary and the Allied Powers.
What was the political context in Hungary leading up to the treaty?
Political instability, fall of the communist Hungarian Soviet Republic, and Romanian occupation of Budapest (August-November 1919).
How much territory and population did Hungary lose according to the treaty?
Approximately two-thirds of its prewar territory (about 325,000 sq km) and two-thirds of its population (around 7 million people).
Name the successor states that gained territory from Hungary under Trianon.
Czechoslovakia, Romania, the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes (Yugoslavia), Austria, and Italy.
What specific regions did Czechoslovakia gain from Hungary?
Slovakia, Sub-Carpathian Ruthenia, and Pressburg (Bratislava).
What was the significance of Transylvania for Hungary, and to which country was it lost?
Transylvania was an important part of Hungarian history and was ceded to Romania, which was a particularly humiliating loss.
What territories did the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes (Yugoslavia) gain from Hungary?
Croatia-Slavonia and part of the Banat region.
What territory did Austria gain from Hungary?
Western Hungary, including most of Burgenland.
Which city did Italy gain from Hungary?
The city of Fiume (Rijeka).
Were plebiscites generally conducted in the territories ceded by Hungary?
No, except for in two small regions; the majority of territorial changes were imposed without referenda.
How many ethnic Hungarians were living outside Hungary’s new borders as a result of Trianon?
About 4.3 million ethnic Hungarians.
What were the limitations imposed on Hungary’s armed forces by the treaty?
Limited to 35,000 men, with no heavy weapons; restricted to internal security and border protection roles.
What role was given to the League of Nations regarding Hungary’s military restrictions?
Oversight of Hungary’s military limitations.
What type of economic provisions were included in the treaty?
Reparations (to be decided later), significant losses of natural resources, and diminished access to trade opportunities.
How was the treaty viewed by the Hungarian population?
As a national tragedy, widely known as the ‘Peace Dictate’ or ‘Dictate of Trianon,’ fostering deep resentment and a desire for revision.
What was the main political outcome within Hungary due to the treaty?
Rise of irredentist and nationalist movements aiming to revise the treaty and regain lost territories, which became central to Hungarian politics.
How did the treaty impact Hungarian national identity and culture?
It led to fragmentation of national identity, with millions of ethnic Hungarians finding themselves as minorities in neighboring countries, causing lasting trauma.
What immediate economic effects did the treaty have on Hungary?
Loss of key industrial and agricultural regions, severely damaging the economy and resulting in dependence on foreign aid.
What were the broader international and long-term consequences of the Treaty of Trianon?
Solidified the new political map of Central Europe, deepened ethnic conflicts, and led to Hungary’s alliance with Axis powers in WWII.
What was the long-term impact of the treaty on the political climate of Central Europe?
The treaty contributed to the volatile political atmosphere of the interwar period, eventually reaffirmed by the 1947 Paris Peace Treaty after some territorial adjustments.
