trigeminal Flashcards

(46 cards)

1
Q

the ascending branch of the trigeminal n. ends in _____, which functions primarily for _____

A

primary sensory nucleus (main/chief/pontine); light touch perception

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2
Q

the descending branch of the trigeminal n. ends in the ____ which has 3 subdivisions:

A

ends in spinal trigeminal nucleus
3 divisions: nucleus oralis (light touch perception)
nucleus interpolaris (temperature)
nucleus caudalis (pain)

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3
Q

there are two types of ____ mechanoreceptors and two types of ____ mechanoreceptors

A

rapidly adapting; slowly adapting

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4
Q

____ for mechanoreception is the deformation or stretch of the axon membrane that opens ____ channels, thereby depolarizing the axon and causing impulses

A

transduction; sodium

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5
Q

type of sodium channel involved in mechanoreception

A

epithelial NaCl channels

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6
Q

mechanoreception may also occur thru specific ______ channels, an example of which are piezo 1 and piezo 2

A

transient receptor potential (TRP)

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7
Q

in the ____, there is a correlation between receptor structure and function

A

hand

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8
Q

response properties of mechanoreceptors are influenced by:

A
  1. degree of myelination
  2. location of the receptor (superficial/deep)
  3. structure of the ending (degree of encapsulation)(Meissner/Ruffini)
  4. transduction
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9
Q

pacinian corpuscles are designed to detect ____ stimuli

A

vibratory

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10
Q

2 types of superficial endings

A

meissner’s corpuscles and merkel disc

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11
Q

2 types of deep endings

A

pacinian corpuscle and ruffini ending

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12
Q

4 types of endings and their types

A
meissner corpuscle (RAI)
pacinian corpuscle (RAII)
merkel disc (SAI)
ruffini ending (SAII)
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13
Q

4 types of endings and what they detect

A

meissner corpuscle- light touch/spatial discrimination
pacinian corpuscle- vibration
merkel disc- pressure
ruffini ending- skin stretch

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14
Q

lamellae of pacinian corpuscles are composed of ____ and ____ separated by ___ to provide a cushion to applied stimulus

A

cells; collagen fibers; fluid

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15
Q

upon release of stimulus, ____ of pacinian corpuscle imparts a ____ response to nerve ending

A

decompression; 2nd (off)

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16
Q

mechanisms of mechanotransduction

A
  1. ENaC (epithelial Na channels)
  2. TRP channels
  3. Piezo1 and Piezo2
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17
Q

____ are used to measure two-point discrimination (tactile sensitivity)

A

disks

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18
Q

____ are monofilaments calibrated to bend at specific forces, usually measured in grams

A

von frey hairs (semmes-weinstein monofilaments)

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19
Q

von frey hairs are used to establish ____

A

touch thresholds

20
Q

facial ____ structures have a lower threshold for two-point discrimination

21
Q

the technique of _____ can be used to record nerve impulses from the infraorbital nerve innervating the facial region in human subjects

A

microneurography

22
Q

there are no ____ type responses or ____ in the face (but this receptor type is present in the hand)

A

RA II; Pacian corpuscle

23
Q

lack of pacinian corpuscles leads to low ____ sensitivity of the face

24
Q

____ endings predominate in the tongue

A

unencapsulated

25
the most common type of receptor ending in the tongue is the ____ which looks very similar to _____ in the hand
Krause end bulbs (non-encapsulated "coiled nerve endings"); meissner corpuscle
26
the tongue has both rapidly and slowly adapting mechanoreceptors despite:
having only one kind of ending (compared to the hand)
27
there is ____ of ____receptive fields at the tip of the tongue
high density; small
28
on the face, the ____ have the lowest two point thresholds
lips
29
the ____ and ____ nerves can sometimes be damaged during 3rd molar extraction
lingual; mental
30
origins of trigeminal dysfunction
oral and facial trauma complete dentures with loss of underlying tissues infectious diseases (periodontitis) dental and surgical procedures (tooth extraction and osteotomy)
31
merkel cells are found in ____, ____ and _____
buccal mucosa; gingiva; palate
32
merkel cells contain ____ and ____ that can promote cell division
peptides; growth factors
33
merkel cells are found in areas with ______; there are more MCs in ____ patients that use soft tissues for chewing
high masticatory load (i.e. tissues subject to mechanical stress); edentulous
34
studies indicate that receptors found in the TMJ help mediate _____
interdental sensation
35
innervation of TMJ
auriculotemporal, masseteric, and posterior deep temporal branch of the trigeminal n.
36
there is dense innervation of ____ and ____ portions of TMJ capsule
posterior; lateral
37
_____ predominate in the TMJ with only a few specialized endings such as ____ or ____
free nerve endings; Ruffini endings; golgi tendon organs
38
innervation of the PDL
branches of superior and inferior alveolar nerves
39
most abundant type of ending found in the PDL
unencapsulated ruffini type endings
40
TMJ mechanoreceptors are innervated by ____, mostly ____
mandibular branch; auriculotemporal
41
location of ____ in PDL determines sensitivity
Ruffini ending
42
PDL receptor function
- detect force to teeth - interdental discrimination - stereognosis - jaw reflexes - salivation
43
trigeminal ganglion connections are part of the ascending sensory pathway that leads to _____ via the principal trigeminal nucleus that projects to ____ and then to _____
conscious perception; VPM in the thalamus; somatosensory cortex
44
some TG fibers project to subnucleus oralis which then projects to the ____ to produce a _____ reflex via the anterior digastric muscle
motor trigeminal nucleus; jaw-opening
45
mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus projections can cause ____ via connections to the _____
salivation; brainstem salivary nuclei
46
for warm sensitivity- ____ is least sensitive of intra-oral tissues
buccal mucosa