Trigger 7: TBI

Question 1

definition of TBI

Answer 1

injury to the brain caused by trauma to the head, not of degenerative or congenital off nature, requiring external physical force

Question 2

TBI is not a result of

Answer 2

degenerative or congenital disorders

Question 3

how many deaths result from TBI

Answer 3

1/3

Question 4

the main causes of TBI

Answer 4

falling and car crash

Question 5

who can suffer from TBI

Answer 5

ayone

Question 6

examples of TBI

Answer 6

hitting head

meningitis

subdural haematoma

Question 7

when does TBI have to be sustained to count

Answer 7

after birth (cant happen to a fetus)

Question 8

why is plagiocephaly not a TBI

Answer 8

happens in the wound

Question 9

frontal lobe

Answer 9

concentrate, problem solving and speech

Question 10

parietal

Answer 10

senses e.g. touch, pain and temp

Question 11

occipital

Answer 11

vision

Question 12

temporal

Answer 12

memory and organisation

Question 13

cerebellum

Answer 13

balance and coordination

Question 14

brainstem

Answer 14

breathing and heart rate

Question 15

TBI fontal injury

Answer 15

lack of focus, irritability and language difficult

Question 16

TBI parietal injury

Answer 16

difficult with reading and spatial misperception

Question 17

TBI occipital injury

Answer 17

blind spots and blurred vision

Question 18

TBI temporal

Answer 18

problems with short and longer term memory

Question 19

TBI cerebellum

Answer 19

difficult walking and slurred speech

Question 20

TBI brainstem

Answer 20

changes in breath and difficult swallowing

Question 21

two types of TBI

Answer 21

open head injury

closed head injury

Question 22

open head injury

Answer 22

penetrating injury- where the bone and hair goes into the brain

Question 23

example of open head injury

Answer 23

Phineas gage- personality change

Question 24

every of open head injury dependant on

Answer 24

which area is damaged

Question 25

damage to both hemispheres, ventricles or multiple lobes are

Answer 25

fatal

Question 26

close head injury

Answer 26

blunt injury

Question 27

example of blunt injury

Answer 27

falling over and stroke

Question 28

which type of injury is very sports related

Answer 28

closed head injury

Question 29

types of closed head injruy

Answer 29

coup and contra coupe injuries

Question 30

a coup injury occurs

Answer 30

under the site of impact within an object

Question 31

a contracoup injury

Answer 31

occurs due to COUNTER LASH, where injury occurs on the side opposite to the area that was hit

Question 32

if patient has subdural haematoma

Answer 32

they will have both coup and contra coup injuries

Question 33

with the suck you get

Answer 33

rotational acceleration forces e.g. shaking a baby back and force

Question 34

symptoms of concussion

Answer 34

sadness balance issues sleeping more or less memory loss

Question 35

what happens to the brain during concussion (3)

Answer 35

(1) axonal injuury (2) a little bit of bouncing (3) neuronal death

Question 36

axonal injury

Answer 36

caused by tearing and sheering- which cause axonal injury - white maater

Question 37

neuronal death

Answer 37

grey matter- caused by axonal injury

Question 38

subdural haematoma

Answer 38

bleeding under the dura mater (covering the brain)

Question 39

white matter injruy

Answer 39

reers to axonal damage

Question 40

white matter injuries occur due to

Answer 40

twisting and tearing of the brain inside the skull

Question 41

secondary damage orcs when

Answer 41

soon after trauma

Question 42

what does secondary damage cause

Answer 42

changes in blood flow, oxygen level and excitotoxicity (INFLAMMATION)

Question 43

what causes damage to the axon

Answer 43

shearing and tearing forces- some rotational aspect

Question 44

TBI causes loss of

Answer 44

both white (axonal) and grey (neuronal) matter

Question 45

axonal

Answer 45

white matter

Question 46

neuronal

Answer 46

grey

Question 47

explain how damage to the axon causes damage to neurone

Answer 47

white matter is the initial tearing- which causes release of cytokine. These cytokines KILLLL neurones

Question 48

diffuse axonal injury

Answer 48

associated with acceleration/deceleration and rotational forces acting on the head, which may cause excessive axonal stretching and the structural damage.’