Trigger 8: Environmental impact on epigenetic profile Flashcards Preview

(6-10) Translational Medical Science > Trigger 8: Environmental impact on epigenetic profile > Flashcards

Flashcards in Trigger 8: Environmental impact on epigenetic profile Deck (24)
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1
Q

genome can acquire/ lose methyl group

A

much more readily than it change its DNA sequence

2
Q

dynamic natur eo epigenome provides mechanisms by which organism can response to the environment without

A

changing hardware

3
Q

when is the epigenome particularly susceptible to deregulatio

A

embryogenesis

perinatal period

4
Q

why are embryogenesis

perinatal period susceptible to epigenetic changes

A
  • DNA synthesis rate is high
  • time when elaborate DNA methylation patterns and chromatin structure required for normal tissue development are established
5
Q

DNA sequence is

A

very stable

6
Q

epigenetic process an be

A

highly dynamic

7
Q

agouti mouse

A

colour of mouse is manipulated by diet of mother (yellow mouse or agouti)

8
Q

yellow mouse

A
  • high risk of cancer, diabetes, obesity
  • reduced life span

–> LTR gene s hypomethylated

9
Q

agouti mouse

A
  • lower risk of cancer, diabetes, obesity
  • prolonged life
  • LTR is hypermethylated
10
Q

dutch hunger winter 1944-45

A

individuals who were prenatally exposed to famine, 6 decades later, had less DNA methylation of the imprinting IGF2 gene, compared to their unexposed, same-sex siblings

11
Q

imprinting on IGF2 gene

A

higher risk of obesity/cvd and diabetes

12
Q

early-life (in the womb) environmental conditions

A

can cause epigenetic changes in humans that persist throughout life

13
Q

other factors which effect the genome

A
diet
medication
hormones
drugs of abuse
radiation
psychosocial factors
climate
14
Q

critical periods of sensitivity

A

foetal development

15
Q

transgeneration epigenetic inheritance

A

epigenetic disorders can be passed on

16
Q

example of transgeneration epigenetic inheritance

A

Grandparent develops transcriptional dysregulation due to environmental factors (smoking, drinking, poor diet), child inherits epigenetic disorders

17
Q

what can stop epigenetic dysregulation

A

epigenetic based therapy

18
Q

multigenerations vs transgeneration

A

mother is 1st generation

fetus is 2nd generation

19
Q

what is third generation

A

reproductive cells of 2nd generation fetus

20
Q

thought that trauma

A

can be passed onto children’s genes e.g. children of holocaust survivors

21
Q

when loci resist reprogramming by transcriptisome…

A

imprinting

22
Q

transgenerational inheritance

A

the impact of the environment has been obsessed to extend over multiple generations, suggesting transgenerational epigenetic effects- defined mechanism is missing

23
Q

epigenome is

A

erased prior to implantation of a blastocyst, followed by the establishment of new functional epigenetic signature (exception of imprinted regions

24
Q

if true epigenetic inheritance is to occur

A

then some epigenetic marks must be resistant to both of these reprogramming events