trigger - EKG backwards cards

Question 1

long break in QRS complexes with abnormal T wave prior to pause

Answer 1

nonconducted PAC

Question 2

Beats in EKG that have no P-waves or have retrograde P waves before or after the QRS

Answer 2

junctional beats

Question 3

sustained beats with absent p waves with normal rhythm at a rate of 48

Answer 3

junctional rhythm

remember:
40-60 is normal
60-100 is accelerated
100+ is junctional tachycardia

Question 4

presents as a long pause then a late presenting P wave

Answer 4

sinus arrest

Question 5

Presents as p waves of all different morphologies at a rate of >100 and an irregular rhythm

Answer 5

multifocal atrial tachycardia

also has varying PR segments

Question 6

Presents as p waves of all different morphologies at a rate of <100 and an irregular rhythm

Answer 6

wandering atrial pacemaker

also has varying PR segments

Question 7

early beat with a P wave of odd morphology prior to it.

Answer 7

PAC

occasionally the p wave is embedded in the previous T wave

Question 8

regular rhythm, p wave hidden by t wave, rate of 100+, abrupt onset

Answer 8

paroxysmal atrial tachycardia

Question 9

no p waves to be seen, rhythm is irregular, rate can be fast or slow

Answer 9

atrial fibrillation

Question 10

regular rhythm, p waves create atrial rate of 250-350bpm, classic sawtooth pattern

Answer 10

atrial flutter

Question 11

regular rhythm, very narrow, very fast QRS, HR of 150-250 at most

Answer 11

paroxysmal supraventricular tachycarida

Question 12

what is included in intranodal blocks

Answer 12

1st and 2nd degree type 1 aAV node blocks

3rd degree can be this or infranodal

Question 13

what is included in infranodal blocks

Answer 13

second degree type 2 blocks

3rd degree can be this or intranodal

Question 14

PR interval greater than .2 seconds, but a p wave is still present with every QRS

Answer 14

1st degree AV block

Question 15

PR interval increasing until a QRST interval is skipped then PR begins to progress again

Answer 15

type 1 Second degree AV block (wenckebach)

Question 16

intermittently non-conducted atrial beats with normal PR intervals

Answer 16

type 2 second degree AV block

Question 17

normal P waves marching along with no relation to the QRS. QRS is wide.

Answer 17

third degree AV block

Question 18

how do the PR segment and QRS present in WAP or MAT

Answer 18

QRS narrow
PR varies!

remember these present with p waves of varying morphology

Question 19

regular rhythm
may not see P wave if buried in T wave
typical HR of 100-200 bpm
abrupt onset
often difficult to discern from SVT

Answer 19

paroxysmal atrial tachycardia

Question 20

irregularly irregular rhythm with no p waves visible

Answer 20

afib

Question 21

what is this

Answer 21

2:1 atrial flutter

Question 22

very narrow, very fast QRS

Answer 22

supraventricular tachycardia

abrupt onset and cessation 150-250 at most

Question 23

abrupt onset and cessation

Answer 23

paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia
paroxysmal atrial tachycardia

Question 24

in third degree block, how does the QRS present and what is the typical rate?

Answer 24

QRS = wide
rate = around 30-45

Question 25

what is typical HR of paroxysmal atrial tachycardia

Answer 25

100-200

Question 26

what is a common range for atrial rate in atrial flutter

Answer 26

250-350bpm

Question 27

what is the normal HR for paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia

Answer 27

150-250

Question 28

junctional tachycardia is also included in what other umbrella term?

Answer 28

paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia

Question 29

Wide QRS complex that occurs earlier than the next beat should. followed by long compensatory pause

Answer 29

PVC

Question 30

3+ consecutive ventricular beats at a rate of 120-200

Answer 30

ventricular tachycardia

Question 31

what is the difference between sustained and nonsustained ventricular tachycardia

Answer 31

* Nonsustained VT < 30 seconds * Sustained VT > 30 seconds

Question 32

what is occuring in an EKG of torsades de pointes

Answer 32

Sustained VT but the QRS complexes rotate around the baseline, getting smaller and bigger

Question 33

what causes torsades de pointes

Answer 33

Occurs due to prolonged QT intervals, where a PVC falls on a T wave (the vulnerable period)

Question 34

what do you call sustained VT that occurs at a rate below 100

Answer 34

50-100bpm = accelerated idioventricular rhythm <50bpm = idioventricular rhythm

Question 35

no true QRS complexes with coarse waveforms along the baseline

Answer 35

Ventricular fibrillation

Question 36

where do conduction delays/blocks occur with AV blocks

Answer 36

could occur in AV node or bundle of His

Question 37

PR interval must be greater than .2 seconds

Answer 37

1st degree AV block

Question 38

rSR' in V1 and/or V2

Answer 38

RBBB also see QRS that is WIDE!! also see negative S wave

Question 39

presents with LAD

Answer 39

left anterior fascicular block also presents with: Small Q waves leads I and aVL, along with tall R waves Small R waves in leads II, III, and aVF, along with deep S waves QRS duration less than 0.12 ms

Question 39

deep negative S wave in V5 and V6

Answer 39

RBBB Also WIDE also rSR' in leads V1 and 2

Question 39

presents with small R and deep wide S wave in leads V1 and V2

Answer 39

LBBB also QRS must be WIDE also presents w bunny ears for R in V5 and V6

Question 40

presents with Small Q waves leads I and aVL, along with tall R waves

Answer 40

left anterior fascicular block also presents with: Left axis deviation Small Q waves leads I and aVL, along with tall R waves Small R waves in leads II, III, and aVF, along with deep S waves QRS duration less than 0.12 ms

Question 41

Small R waves in leads II, III, and aVF, along with deep S waves

Answer 41

left anterior fascicular block also presents with: Left axis deviation Small Q waves leads I and aVL, along with tall R waves Small R waves in leads II, III, and aVF, along with deep S waves QRS duration less than 0.12 ms

Question 42

In a left anterior fascicular block, the QRS voltage in aVL may meet what criteria?

Answer 42

LVH criteria

Question 43

presents with RAD

Answer 43

left posterior fascicular block also presents with: Right axis deviation Small R waves leads I and aVL, along with deep S waves Small Q waves in leads II, III, and aVF, along tall R waves QRS duration less than 0.12 ms

Question 44

presents with Small R waves leads I and aVL, along with deep S waves

Answer 44

left posterior fascicular block also presents with: Right axis deviation Small R waves leads I and aVL, along with deep S waves Small Q waves in leads II, III, and aVF, along tall R waves QRS duration less than 0.12 ms

Question 45

presents with Small Q waves in leads II, III, and aVF, along tall R waves

Answer 45

left posterior fascicular block also presents with: Right axis deviation Small R waves leads I and aVL, along with deep S waves Small Q waves in leads II, III, and aVF, along tall R waves QRS duration less than 0.12 ms

Question 46

it is rare to see this EKG abnormality without RBBB

Answer 46

left posterior fascicular block

Question 47

combo of RBBB and LAFB or LPFB is called

Answer 47

bifascicular block

Question 48

what is considered incomplete BBB

Answer 48

BBB cirteria met but QRS is not wide

Question 49

what is nonspecific intraventricular conduction delay

Answer 49

QRS wider than 0.1 ms but no other criteria met

Question 50

what types of EKG patterns are caused by the presence of an accessory pathway

Answer 50

WPW syndrome LGL syndrome

Question 51

when are short PR intervals present

Answer 51

WPW syndrome LGL syndrome (preexcitation syndromes)

Question 52

uses the bundle of kent as accessory pathway, leading to short PR intervals

Answer 52

WPW syndrome (also presents with delta wave which causes a WIDE QRS)

Question 53

how does a delta wave present and when would you see it?

Answer 53

with a sloped entrance into a QRS presents in WPW syndrome

Question 54

Accessory pathway is the james fibers, leading to short PR interval.

Answer 54

LGL syndrome does NOT present with delta wave. QRS is narrow.

Question 55

reciprocating tachycardias that activate ventricles through accessory pathways and cause WIDE QRS are called

Answer 55

antidromic tachycardia

Question 56

When the tachycardia activates the ventricles in an antegrade manner through the AV node, generating a narrow QRS complex, the arrhythmia is further subcategorized as....

Answer 56

orthodromic tachycardia

Question 57

prolonged PR, QRS and QT

Answer 57

hypothermia also presents with: sinus bradycarida (common but not always) ST seg elevation called osborne wave

Question 58

ST segment depression of a gradual, asymmetric downslope with flattening or inversion of T wave

Answer 58

Digitalis effect

Question 59

what can result from digitalis toxicityL

Answer 59

Brady/tachy arrhythmias and can combined with AV blocks

Question 60

LOOK AT HOW TO MEASURE THE QT