Trimester 1 Unit 5

Question 1

What do the energy levels correspond to

Answer 1

The rows of the table

Question 2

What is the Aufbau principle

Answer 2

Start at the lowest energy level and build to the higher energy levels only after the lowest are filled

Question 3

What is an Orbital

Answer 3

A region of probability in which an electron can be found with the lowest level being the S orbital that is sphere-shaped and always filled first. The S Block holds groups 1 and 2

Question 4

S Orbital

Answer 4

Hydrogen has one proton and one electron so it fills the first energy level or the S Orbital with one electron. Helium has two protons and two electrons so it fills the first orbital or !s with two electrons. Has a max of 2

Question 5

P Orbital

Answer 5

Once the S Orbital has been filled, the electrons start filling in the P Orbital. It is shaped like a propeller giving it a total of 3 P Orbitals to be filled. Max of 6

Question 6

What is Hund’s Rule

Answer 6

Each P Orbital must receive one electron before any P Orbital can receive a second filling electron

Question 7

D Orbital

Answer 7

There are five orbitals in the D block and seven orbitals in the F block, D block elements are called transition metals. D block max of 10 electrons and F block max of 14 electrons

Question 8

What is Electron Notation

Answer 8

1s2 2s2 2p1

Question 9

What does the 1 stand for

Answer 9

The energy level

Question 10

What does the S stand for

Answer 10

The type of orbital

Question 11

What does the Superscript stand for?

Answer 11

The number of electrons

Question 12

F Orbital

Answer 12

looks like a flower and can hold 14 electrons while also having 7 orientations and found in levels 4-5

Question 13

What were Democritus’s major thoughts on the Atom?

Answer 13

Surrounded by empty space & vary in size and shape depending on the substance they are composed of.

Question 14

What were Aristotle’s major thoughts on the Atom?

Answer 14

Thought it was made of the 4 major elements

Question 15

What were Dalton’s major thoughts on the Atom?

Answer 15

Common substances are broken down into the same proportions, compounds are a combination of various atoms that can’t be created or destroyed

Question 16

What were Thompson’s major thoughts on the Atom?

Answer 16

Uniformed packed spheres with positive matter filled with negative electrons

Question 17

What were Rutherford’s major thoughts on the Atom?

Answer 17

Atoms thinly placed positive charge was not enough to keep things in place. Atoms consist largely of empty space with a few electrons while mass is in the center particles. Pass through gaps but bounce off the nucleus.

Question 18

What were Bohr’s major thoughts on the Atom?

Answer 18

Electrons orbit the nucleus at fixed energys & distances, able to jump from one level to another but not exist in the space between

Question 19

What were Heisenberg’s major thoughts on the Atom?

Answer 19

impossible to determine the exact speed and position of electrons

Question 20

What are the two types of bonding

Answer 20

Ionic and Covalent bonding

Question 21

What is covalent bonding?

Answer 21

sharing of electrons, Polar Covalent=unequal sharing, Nonpolar Covalent=equal

Question 22

What are the two ways to determine the bond type

Answer 22

Type of element and Electronegativity

Question 23

Type of element

Answer 23

metal and nonmetal=Ionic and nonmetal and nonmetal=covalent

Question 24

Electronegativity

Answer 24

Ionic>1.8, Polar Covalent 0.4-1.79, Nonpolar Covalent 0-0.39

Question 25

Every 2 electrons shared is a

Answer 25

Bond

Question 26

Two atoms can share up to

Answer 26

6 electrons

Question 27

A single bond

Answer 27

2 shared electrons

Question 28

A double bond

Answer 28

4 shared electrons

Question 29

A triple bond

Answer 29

6 shared electrons

Question 30

The more electrons shared

Answer 30

the shorter the bond

Question 31

Sharing is not always an

Answer 31

equal partnership

Question 32

Typically each bond is made from the contribution of

Answer 32

1 electron from each atom

Question 33

Sharing is not always

Answer 33

equal

Question 33

Sharing is not always

Answer 33

equal

Question 34

Sometimes one atom needs

Answer 34

electrons more

Question 35

The electronegativity value determines an atom

Answer 35

needs

Question 36

Polar Covalent

Answer 36

1 atom needs electrons more creating unequal sharing

Question 37

Non-polar covalent

Answer 37

Both atoms have similar electron needs creating equal sharing

Question 38

only put the prefix mono on the

Answer 38

second element

Question 39

mono

Answer 39

1

Question 40

di

Answer 40

2

Question 41

tri

Answer 41

3

Question 42

tetra

Answer 42

4

Question 43

penta

Answer 43

5

Question 44

hexa

Answer 44

6

Question 45

hepta

Answer 45

7

Question 46

octa

Answer 46

8

Question 47

nona

Answer 47

9

Question 48

deca

Answer 48

10

Question 49

NO

Answer 49

Nitrogen Monoxide

Question 50

Second element always ends in

Answer 50

ide

Question 51

H2O

Answer 51

Dihydrogen Monoxide

Question 52

Molecules are electrically

Answer 52

neutral

Question 53

If the negative charge is evenly distributed around the molecule it is

Answer 53

Not Polar

Question 54

If there is an uneven distribution of negative charge the molecule is

Answer 54

Polar

Question 55

The three things that determine molecular polarity are

Answer 55

Bond polarity, Outside atoms, Molecular shape

Question 56

Polarity is represented by an

Answer 56

arrow

Question 57

The arrow always points towards the

Answer 57

more electronegative arrow

Question 58

Water

Answer 58

H=2.1, O=3.5, 3.5-2.1= 1.4,

Question 59

Carbon Dioxide

Answer 59

3.5-2.5= 1.0, completely symmetrical linear molecule, nonpolar

Question 60

Boron Trifluoride

Answer 60

Triangular planar shape, all outside atoms are the same, all bond polarities are the same, nonpolar

Question 61

BF2Cl

Answer 61

a nonsymmetrical molecule, not all outside atoms are the same, bond polarities are not equal= dipole

Question 62

For diatomic molecules, the bond polarity will determine

Answer 62

molecular polarity

Question 63

What determines the strength of the attraction between molecules

Answer 63

How strong the intermolecular forces are

Question 64

What kind of intermolecular forces have the weakest attraction

Answer 64

basic dispersion

Question 65

What is the evidence that a substance has strong intermolecular forces

Answer 65

molecules pack together

Question 66

Where does air need to diffuse to be absorbed by the body

Answer 66

virtual membrane

Question 67

Does the surface tension need to be high or low to let oxygen through

Answer 67

low

Question 68

What is Volatility

Answer 68

measure of a substances ability to evaperate

Question 69

What can allow the molecule to vaporize

Answer 69

Kinetic energy

Question 70

what kind of medicine depends on the volatility

Answer 70

Anestetics

Question 71

How is it best to administer anesthesia

Answer 71

gas

Question 72

What intermolecular force would be best in the case of anesthesia

Answer 72

weak

Question 73

What creates the forces within a molecule

Answer 73

electronegativity

Question 74

What areas have a partial charge within a molecule

Answer 74

places with less electronegative charge

Question 75

what are polar molecules attracted to

Answer 75

anything with a charge

Question 76

what allows a medication to bind to the receptor or target molecules in the body

Answer 76

receptors have partly charged areas that match polarity

Question 77

What causes milk molecules to be attracted to each other

Answer 77

it has several lactate molecules that are fatty but also attracted to each other

Question 78

What does the soap act as

Answer 78

A sufactants

Question 79

Why don't babies need surfactant before birth

Answer 79

They rely on the oxygen in the mothers blood