Troubleshooting Theory, OSs, and Security

Question 1

In Mode, Windows loads only basic drivers, such as a standard VGA video driver and the keyboard and mouse.

Answer 1

Safe

Question 2

Holds information about which OSs are installed on the computer.

Answer 2

BOOT.INI

Question 3

Windows 8/7/Vista use ____ in place of the BOOT.INI file, and it is configured with ___.

Answer 3

Boot Configuration Data (BCD)

BCDEDIT.EXE.

Question 4

In Windows XP, ____ parses the system for hardware information each time Windows is loaded. This information is then used to create dynamic hardware information in the Registry.

Answer 4

NTDETECT.COM

Question 5

On a Windows XP system with a SCSI boot device, this file is used to recognize and load the SCSI interface.

Answer 5

NTBOOTDD.SYS

Question 6

The solution to a corrupted NTOSKRNL.EXE file is to ____

Answer 6

boot from a startup disk and replace the file from the setup media.

Question 7

System files come into the picture next. In addition to the previously listed files, all of which (except ____ are located in the root of the C:

Answer 7

NTOSKRNL.EXE)

Question 8

In Windows 8/7/Vista, ____ replace NTLDR/NTDETECT.COM.

Answer 8

WINLOAD.EXE and WINRESUME.EXE

Question 9

are software components that parse the Registry for configuration information and start needed services and drivers.

Answer 9

Executive subsystems

Question 10

____ are software components that parse the Registry for configuration information and start needed services and drivers.

Answer 10

Executive subsystems

Question 11

___ are software programs that tell the operating system how to work with the hardware.

Answer 11

Device drivers

Question 12

In Windows, the ____ feature has the sole purpose of keeping the user from running programs that could pose a potential threat if the user’s privileges were equal to that of Administrator.

Answer 12

User Account Control (UAC)

Question 13

Over time, systems seem to run slower than they once did. This can be due to a plethora of drivers, lots of background processes, memory hogs, or many other possibilities. The first place to turn for help to troubleshoot this problem is the ____

Answer 13

Performance Troubleshooter.

Question 14

The ____ will look for common problems, such as more than one virus detection program running, multiple users logged into the same machine, visual settings affecting performance, and so on.

Answer 14

Performance Troubleshooter

Question 15

When a file fails to open, it is often due to ____.

Answer 15

corruption.

Question 16

The ___ loader file is a key component of the Windows XP boot process and the system will not boot without it.

Answer 16

NTLDR

Question 17

the text file ___ is used to identify the operating systems installed, their locations, and the boot options to use.

Answer 17

BOOT.INI

Question 18

Windows 8, Windows 7, and Windows Vista use the Windowsfile ___ instead of the NTLDR file and a similar message that this file is missing will appear. To resolve this problem, you can boot into System Recovery Options and choose Startup Repair (or type ___ at the command prompt).

Answer 18

Boot Configuration Data (BCD)

BOOTREC /REBUILDBCD

Question 19

If you are using ____ or ___ as a multiboot loader, you can encounter problems if they become corrupted or deleted. To solve these problems, you need to re-create the loader (and reconfigure it for your system) to be able to use it.

Answer 19

GRUB (GRand Unified Bootloader)

LILO (LInux LOader)

Question 20

The purpose of this utility is to keep the operating system alive and well. ___ automatically verifies system files after a reboot to see if they were changed to unprotected copies.

Answer 20

SFC.EXE

Question 21

Allows you to set the location of an offline boot directory that can then be used for offline repair

Answer 21

/OFFBOOTDIR

Question 22

Allows you to set the location of an offline Windows directory that can then be used for offline repair

Answer 22

/OFFWINDIR

Question 23

Specifies a file to be scanned and repaired if needed

Answer 23

/SCANFILE

Question 24

Checks system files now and repairs any problems found

Answer 24

/SCANNOW

Question 25

Specifies a file to be scanned but not repaired if errors are found

Answer 25

/VERIFYFILE

Question 26

Specifies that files are scanned but not repaired if errors are found

Answer 26

/VERIFYONLY

Question 27

The utility ___ does a job similar to BOOTREC /REBUILDBCD, and it is a bit easier to work with.

Answer 27

BOOTCFG

Question 28

____, known as the ___ tool, allows you to register and unregister modules and controls for troubleshooting purposes.

Answer 28

REGSVR32.EXE | REGSVR32

Question 29

Disables automatic restarting and is helpful when troubleshooting.

Answer 29

Disable Automatic Restart On System Failure

Question 30

Sends information through the serial port for interpretation/troubleshooting at another computer.

Answer 30

Debugging Mode

Question 31

Both ____ and ___ are pages or sites that you did not specifically request and may only display ads or bring up applets that should be avoided.

Answer 31

pop-ups & pop-unders

Question 32

____ is a form of redirection in which traffic intended for one host is sent to another.

Answer 32

Pharming

Question 33

___ is defined as any unwanted, unsolicited email, and not only can the sheer volume of it be irritating, it can often open the door to larger problems.

Answer 33

Spam

Question 34

Recently, the word spam has found its way into other forms of unwanted messaging beyond email, giving birth to the acronyms ____ and ____.

Answer 34

SPIM (SPam over Instant Messaging) SPIT (SPam over Internet Telephony)

Question 35

The process of running an antivirus program on a computer is known as ___ the computer against a virus.

Answer 35

inoculating

Question 36

There are two categories of viruses: ___ & ___.

Answer 36

benign and malicious

Question 37

___ viruses don't do much besides replicate themselves and exist.

Answer 37

Benign

Question 38

___ viruses, on the other hand, are designed to destroy things.

Answer 38

Malicious

Question 39

___ was added to Windows, and it allows you to create restore points to make recovery of the operating system easier.

Answer 39

System Restore

Question 40

To open System Restore, click Start ➢ ___ -- ___ -- ___ -- ___. By clicking Next, you can choose a restore point.

Answer 40

All Programs ➢ Accessories ➢ System Tools ➢ System Restore

Question 41

What are the seven steps for Malware removal?

Answer 41

1. Identify malware symptoms. 2. Quarantine infected system. 3. Disable System Restore (in Windows). 4. Remediate infected systems. 5. Schedule scans and run updates. 6. Enable System Restore and create a restore point (in Windows). 7. Educate the end user.

Question 42

____ analyzer gives a complete graphical representation of traffic and signals and is useful in detecting security related issues.

Answer 42

Cell tower