True Learn Flashcards
(155 cards)
1
Q
Crescent with no Ig or complement deposits
A
Pauci immune RPGN
elevated ANCA
2
Q
Male bilateral gynecomastia sparse facial hair firm small testes
A
Klinefelter XXY
Tx testosterone
3
Q
No thymus and severe bacterial/ viral infection and chronic diarrhea and mucocutaneous candidiasis
A
SCID
4
Q
Organisms that inactivate EF2 via ribsoylation –> stop host protein synthesis
A
Diphtheria and pseudomonas
5
Q
Tx unstable patient with bronchospasm
A
Propofol- GABA agonist
Etomidate- GABA agonist
Ketamine- preserve respiratory drive, increase release of catecholamines –> bronchodilation
6
Q
Triamterone
A
ENaC inhibitor –> K+ secretion
used with thiazides and loop diuretics
7
Q
Different mutation at same genetic locus –> similar phenotype
A
allelic heterogeneity
8
Q
Acute dystonic reaction
A
Antipsych meds
D2 antagonists
9
Q
Selective muscarinic antagonists
A
glycopyrrolate
hyocyamine
propantheline
10
Q
Furosemide electrolytes
A
High bicarb
low Cl-
increase urine Na+ and K+
11
Q
Asymptomatic birth, lethargy., poor feeding, protruding tongue, constipation, dry skin
A
Congenital hypothryroidism (high TSH and low Free T4)
12
Q
Ejection click crescendo decrescendo, wide splitting of S2
A
pulmonic stenosis usually congenital defect
13
Q
Initial management of transposition of great vessels
A
Prostaglandin to keep PDA open
atrial septostomy to maintain PFO
14
Q
Subfalcine herniation
A
compress ACA
15
Q
ABPA
A
Hx of asthma CF
CXR bronchiectasis
increase IgE, eosinophilia
16
Q
Gouty arthritis therapy what cell inhibited
A
Neutrophils
mutation in PRPP synthetase gene
17
Q
Epidermal hyperplasia, thick stratum corneum, papilloma, cytoplasmic vacuolization
A
cutaneous warts
18
Q
Bactrim side effects
A
hyperkalemia via block epithelial Na+ channel in DCT and collecting duct
rash nausea and decrease folate
19
Q
Bleomycin MOA and tox
A
induce ROS
cause pulm fibrosis
20
Q
Chemo –> hematuria and suprapubic pain
A
hemorrhagic cystitis via cyclophosphamide –> increase acrolein –> cystitis
prevent with mesna
21
Q
Increase allopurinol activity
A
Azathioprine
22
Q
Specific grave disease symptom
A
skin thickening and induration over shin
23
Q
Pneumonia, brain abscess and cutaneous, branching filaments
A
Nocardiosis
partially acid fast
24
Q
Drug induced SLE
A
Hydralazine
isonazid
Procainamide
25
Polymyositis Ab
Anti Jo 1 (anti histidyl tRNA synthetase)
26
Bacteria resistant to vanco, collistin, nystatin, trimethoprim
Neisseria
27
COPD path
epithelial dysfunction --> Macrophage and neurtophils --> cytokines and protease elastase --> mucus hypersecretion and alveoli destruction
28
Fungi develop in old lung cavities
aspergillus
| causes hemoptysis
29
Wrinkles
UVA --> photoaging
| increase ROS --> increase cytokines --> decrease collagen and fibril and increase MMP
30
Garlic breath, vomit, watery diarrhea, stock and glove neuropathy
Arsenic poisoning
| Tx Dimercaprol
31
Meds associated with gout
thiazide, aspirin, ACEi, cyclosporin
| Tumor lysis syndrome
32
Tx distal polyneuropathy
gabapentin, TCA (duloxetine), capsaicin cream
33
Meds for open angle glaucoma
```
muscarinic ag
PG agoinst
B blockers
a2 agonist
CAi
```
34
exudative pleural effusion
protein ratio >.5
| LDH ratio >.6, more that 2/3 upper limit of normal
35
NE IV drip --> vein becomes cold, hard and pale
NE extravasation
| Tx phentolamine
36
IL2
Th differentiation
Activate monocytes and NK cells
T cell growth --> IGNy
B cell stimulate division
37
Alcoholic liver disease effect on spleen
expansion of red pulp
38
Low C1 esterase inhibitor contradindications
ACEi
39
HIV global HA, malaise, fever
| indio stain --> spherical yeast with thick capsule
crypto
40
Treat insomnia in elderly
Ramelteon
41
SIBO --> increase in
folate and vitamin k
42
adverse of ploglitazone
weight game and edema
43
strongyloides dx
rhabditiform larvae in stool
44
drug resistant seizures, epileptic foci in temporal lobe
| Atrophy of hippocampal neurons with reactive gliosis, astrocyte prolferation
Temporal lobe epilepsy via hippocampal sclerosis
45
Risk of injury during thyroidectomy
External branch of superior laryngeal N
| innervates crycothyroid M --> hoarse, deep voice
46
Cromolyn
inhibit mast cell degranulation and prevent relase of preformed chemical mediators
Tx asthma
47
Adenoma mutation sequence
decrease APC increase B catenin --> increase KRAS --> decrease p53 --> cancer
48
decrease platelet post heparin
HIT
| decrease platelet via platelet removed by splenic macrophages
49
macrolide in diabetic gastropareisis
increase activation of motilin receptor
50
ADPKD and HA
berry aneurysm rupture
51
pruritic papulopustular rash
vacation
oxidase + Gram - rod
pseudomonas in pool water
52
lytic lesion proximal tibia with soft tissue swelling
osteosarcoma spindle shaped tumor
53
UTI post GU procedure
| Gram + cocci
enterococcus
| gamma hemolysis
54
cyclophosphamide MOA and tox
cross link DNA --> inhibit DNA synthesis
| Tox hemorrhagic cystitis, bladder cancer
55
obturator N
adduct thigh
56
malignant melanoma with decrase integrin --> poor adhesion to what
fibronectin
57
PE blood gas
met alk
decrease PaCO2, PaO2
decrease serum HCO3
58
osteonecrosis artery of hip
medial circumflex femoral A
59
baby oliguria and flank masses increase Cr
ARPKD
| complications = HTN congenital hepatic fibrosis
60
Translocation of chr 9 and 22 --> increase neutrophils, basophils and decrease RBCs
```
CML
Tx Imatinib (TK1 inhibitor)
```
61
decrease MCV, erythrocyte basophilic stippling anemia
sideroblastic anemia
| vitamin B6 deficiency
62
High free T4
| low TSH and TBG undetectable
exogenous
| leads to atrophy of thyroid follicles
63
Hemorrhate, splenomegaly and increase Hb and Hct
PCV
64
RA dyspnea honeycomb
interstitial lung disease
| decrease FRC, VC, TLC
65
enlarged coronary sinus
increase right sided heart pressure
| secondary to pulm HTN
66
Leuprolide
continuous GnRH agonist
| decrease fibroid size
67
Mild cough rhinitis --> vomiting with cough
Bordatella pertusis
68
Migraine therapy
triptan NSAID antiemetics ergotamne
| anticonvulsant, BB, antidepressant
69
Large VSD intracardial pressure
Normal RA
| increase RV, LA, LV
70
Mild hemophilia A drug given during dental procedure
Desmopessin
71
Desquamation in neck axilla inguinal folds perioral
| exfoliative
Staph scalded skin syndrome
| cleanes desmoglein in desmosomes
72
Dehydration lab values
```
Prerenal
BUN:Cr >20
FeNa <1
Urine Na <10
urine osm >500
```
73
osteomalacia is decrease mineralization where
osteoid
74
High fever rhinosinusitis
H flu
| Tx: amoxicillin and clavulonate
75
Pregnant mild anemia
due to hemodilution --> increase plasma volume to RBC mass
decrease platelet production and increase platelet consumption
increase thromboembolic events
76
Hypoxia effect on pump circulation
decrease O2 --> increase VGKC --> increase VGCC --> increase Ca2+ --> contraction --> pulm edema
77
starry sky
t (8:14)
mandible mass
Burkitt
| cMYC- IGH
78
sudan black, MPO, Auer rods, increase blast cells
APML --> can lead to DIC
79
giant cell arteritis inflammatory infiltrate
CD4 T cells and macrophages
increase IL6
Tx tocilizumab
80
low vitamin K
increase PT and PTT
| normal bleeding time
81
encephalopathy, abdominal pain, HA, microcytic anemia, increase protoporphyrin and ALA
lead poisoning
inhibit ALAD and ferrochelatase
sideroblastic anemia
82
growth defect glucosuria proteinuria phosphaturia low K+ high Cl- NAGMA
Fanconi defect in PCT
83
Risk factors of gastric adenocarcinoma
```
increase salt
processed meat
H pylori
Autoimmune gastrits
obese
```
84
rhinorrhea SOB cough after aspirin started
Tx leukotriene receptor antag (montelukast)
85
Fever non productive cought rhinorrhea myalgia HA low WBC, increase D dimer, increased ferritin normal procalcitonin ground glass opacity
COVID
ssRNA postive
crown like appearance
86
Acute onset chest pain worse with inspiration tachy and decreased breath sounds
PE --> resp alkalosis without compensation
decrease O2 and CO2
normal HCO3
87
arrhythmia drug that increase QT but lower incidence of torsades
```
amiodarone
class 3
```
88
sheets of uniform small round cells separated with fibrous septae scant cytoplasm early metastasis to lung and bones
Ewing sarcoma
89
DKA effect on NH4
increase production and secretion of NH4 in PCT
90
how does alcohol prevent gluconeogenesis
decrease NAD+
91
Fever confuion HA photophobia CNS palsy
| CSF high protein, neutrophils, motile trophozite
Naegleria fowler
| Tx amphotericin B
92
worsen asthma with bronchoilators
status asthmaticus --> eosinophils in wall of airways with mucus plugs in lumen
Charcot leyden crystals and Curshmann spirals
93
general LAD and t(14:18)
NHL
| increase BCL2
94
T12 diaphragm
Aorta and thoracic duct
95
intraluminal thrombi in arteries and veins sparing vessel wall extend contiguously
throboangiitis obliterans
96
RECENT onset kidney stones LAD hepatosplenomegaly CD3
T cell lymhoma/leukemia
| via HTLV 1 --> increase tax protein --> increase NFKB --> increase growth and survival
97
tear drop cells
primary myelofibrosis
| no bone marrow for hematopoiesis so use spleen
98
blowing holosystolic murmur over cardiac apex with radiation to axilla
mitral regurgitation
| Rheumatic fever
99
Jaundice via hemolytic anemia, splenomegaly increase bilirubin increase MHCH
Hereditary spherocytosis
100
Cisplatin MOA and tox
cross link DNA --> inhibit DNA synthesis
| Nephrotox ototox, peripheral neuropathy, decrease all electrolytes
101
urinary eosinophils pyuria hematuria WBC casts
| Abx use, PPI, NSAIDS
AIN
102
coin lesion popcorn calcification islands of cartilage in lung
lung hamartoma
103
test performed before etanercept use
TB test
104
decrescendo diastolic, treponemal Ab, mediastinal widen
tertiary syphilis vasa vasorum endoarteritis
105
No change in cortisol in low dose dexamethasone abut decrease in cortisol in high dose
pituitary adenoma
106
Envelope stones
calcium oxalate
107
coffin lid stone
struvite
108
rhomboid rosette stone
uric acid
109
ST elevation V1-3
LAD
110
ST elevation V3-4
LAD Anterior
111
ST elevation 1, aVL, V5 V6
Lateral
| Lateral Circumflex
112
ST elevation II, III, aVF
Inferior
| Right coronary A
113
St elevation V1-3, V7-V9
Posterior
| Posterior descending
114
Precocious puberty
Cafe au lait
Fibrous dysplasia of bone
McCune Albright
115
Light touch, vibration, propioception
posterior column
116
pain, temperature, crude touch
spinothalamic tract
117
Tx for schistosomiasis
praziquantel
causes vaculolation of the tegument
spastic paralysis
118
Perceive right half of visual field but not left half in both eyes
Lesion in right optic tract
119
CN III palsy, compres contra corticospinal tract (hemiparesis)
Uncal herniation
120
Bilateral ovarian tumor
Acanthosis nigricans
mucin filled signet ring cancer cells
Krukenberg tumor
| metastasis from gastric adenocarcinoma
121
Long thoracic N innervation
C5-7
122
BB warning for hydroxyurea
myelosuppression
123
Techoic acid
gram positive bacteria
124
open mouth
lateral pterygoid M
125
Mydriasis, confusion, widened QRS
TCA overdose
126
Gout synovial fluid
cloudy
| moderately elevated WBC and normal glucose
127
Autism associated with
Fragile X syndrome
128
Post MI Cardiac tamponade due to
LV rupture of free wall
129
Most common intestinal roundworm parasites in the world
Ascaris lumbricoides
130
Rabies virus
bullet shaped ssRNA
131
T(x) night terrors
benzos
132
Diabetic meds that causes pancreatitis
GLP1 agonist
133
Caput medusae
paraumbilical veins and superficial epigastric vein
134
Anthrax Treatment
Penicillin, doxycycline, ciprofloxacin
135
Bleeding from what artery when laparoscopic gastric band erodes posteriorly
L gastric A
136
Drug resistant osteomyelitis
Pasturella multocida
137
OA compression treats what
Vagus and hypoglossal N problems
138
systolic murmur in crescendo-decrescendo from left sternal border to the apex radiate to suprasternal notch
hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
139
Daycare diarrhea
Rotavirus ds RNA segmented
140
Drug that causes placental abruption
cocaine
| presynaptic blockade of NT reuptake pumps
141
Erb's Duchenne
medially rotated, pronated
142
most reliable lab test to predict mortality in acute pancreatitis
elevated BUN
143
hemorrhoids and portal hypertension
Superior rectal V
144
Adnexal mass and ascites
ovarian fibromas
145
Between lateral ventricle to third ventricle
Foramen of Monro
146
How many half lives to achieve steady state
4-5
147
Exudative effusion
infection, malignancy, PE, collagen vascular disease
148
For flexion SD apply pressure on what area during inhalation
ILA
149
Diphtheria
gram positive, non motile rod shaped bacteria
150
Crypto meningitis treatment
amphotericin B
151
GERD metaplasia
glandular metaplasia
152
Muscle that protects brachial plexus
subclavius M
153
Most common pancreatic cancer location
head of pancreas
154
Detrusor M Artery
Anterior division of internal iliac A
155
Associated with celiac disease
Hashmito
