Tube

Question 0

Helps with leakage radiation and shock from the tube; metal lined

Answer 0

Protective housing

Question 1

What type of tubes do we use now?

Answer 1

Coolidge tubes

Question 2

Proper housing measurement

Answer 2

100 mR(milliroetgen)/hr at 1 meter

Question 3

When x-rays are produced, how are they emitted?

Answer 3

Isotropically

Question 4

What is used in x-ray tubes that serves as an electrical insulator and a thermal cushion?

Answer 4

Oil

Question 5

Vacuum tube to withstand large amount of heat

Answer 5

Glass envelope

Question 6

These are used in place of glass envelopes

Answer 6

Metal envelope

Question 7

Is needed to provide efficient x-ray production

Answer 7

Vacuum

Question 8

Why is a vacuum essential for efficient x-ray production?

Answer 8

The removal of air permits electrons to flow from cathode to anode without encountering the gas atoms of air

Question 9

What is the number one reason for tube failure?

Answer 9

Gassy tube

Question 10

Negative side of the tube

Answer 10

Cathode

Question 11

What are the two main parts of the cathode?

Answer 11

Filament

Focusing cup

Question 12

What is the filament made out of?

Answer 12

Thoriated Tungston

Question 13

Why is thorium added to the filament?

Answer 13

To increase thermionic emission

Question 14

Electron buildup when you’re about to send the electrons from the cathode to the anode

Answer 14

Space cloud

Question 15

Boils electrons off filaments; separation of electrons

Answer 15

Thermionic emission

Question 16

When do you use a smaller filament?

Answer 16

When you use smaller mA

Question 17

When do you use a larger filament?

Answer 17

When you use a larger mA

Question 18

Focuses the electrons to the area in the anode

Answer 18

Focusing cup

Question 19

Negatively charged so it works on the principle of electrostatic repulsion

Answer 19

Focusing cup

Question 20

What is a tube called with two electrodes?

Why?

Answer 20

Diode

Because it has a positive and a negative side

Question 21

Positive side of the x-ray tube

Answer 21

Anode

Question 22

Target area that is struck by electrons

Answer 22

Anode

Question 23

What material is the anode made of?

Answer 23

Tungsten

Question 24

What is the function of the anode?

Answer 24

Electrical conductor; Where x-rays are created

Question 25

What are the two types of anodes?

Answer 25

Stationary | Rotating

Question 26

Used in dental and portable machines; aren't seen very often

Answer 26

Stationary anodes

Question 27

A lot more productive than the stationary anode

Answer 27

Rotating anode

Question 28

This type of anode helps dissipate heat and doesn't wear down as fast

Answer 28

Rotating anode

Question 29

What is the target angle range of the rotating anode?

Answer 29

5°-20°

Question 30

Why would you want a larger diameter rotating anode?

Answer 30

Increases workload

Question 31

What is the range for the speed of rotation for the rotating anode?

Answer 31

3,400 - 10,000 RPMs

Question 32

What is the speed for a single-phase rotating anode? 3-phase? What type of frequencies do they each put off?

Answer 32

3,400; low frequency 10,000; high frequency

Question 33

How does the rotating anode rotate?

Answer 33

Electromagnetic induction

Question 34

What are the two parts of the rotating anode?

Answer 34

Stator | Rotor

Question 35

Outside of the glass envelope; Consists of a series of electromagnets

Answer 35

Stator

Question 36

Inside of glass envelope; is a shaft made of bars of copper and soft iron

Answer 36

Rotor

Question 37

Why is it important to warm up the anode?

Answer 37

Because if you don't, the anode can crack

Question 38

Angling of the target in the anode

Answer 38

Line-Focus Principle

Question 39

What are the perks to having an angled target?

Answer 39

Gives a larger actual focal spot size and a smaller effective spot size; Helps dissipate heat while creating better detail

Question 40

Which FSS hits the anode?

Answer 40

Actual FSS

Question 41

Which FSS hits the patient?

Answer 41

Effective FSS

Question 42

When is the actual FSS larger than the effective FSS?

Answer 42

Always, no matter what the angle is

Question 43

What is the range for effective FSS?

Answer 43

0.6-1.2

Question 44

If you use the larger filament, is your FSS smaller or bigger?

Answer 44

Larger

Question 45

If you use the smaller filament, is your FSS smaller or bigger?

Answer 45

Smaller

Question 46

If you lower your target angle, what does it do to the effective FSS? What happens to your heat load?

Answer 46

Gets smaller Increases

Question 47

If you increase your target angle, what happens to your heat load capacity?

Answer 47

Increases

Question 48

What is the disadvantage of using the line-focus principle?

Answer 48

Heel Effect

Question 49

What is the heel effect?

Answer 49

The radiation intensity on the cathode side of the x-ray field is higher; the intensity on the anode side of the x-rayed field is lower

Question 50

Composed of photons that were not produced at the focal spot

Answer 50

Off-focus radiation

Question 51

3 Devices used to reduce scatter

Answer 51

Beam Restrictors Grids OID

Question 52

What is the formula to calculate the cooling chart for a single phase heat unit? 3-phase?

Answer 52

kVp x mA x time kVp x mA x time x 1.40

Question 53

What type of current is the filament current?

Answer 53

Alternating current