Tubulointerstitial Disorders

Question 1

Disorders that affect interstitial space surrounding the renal tubules

Answer 1

tubulointerstitial disease

Question 2

True or false: tubulointersitial disease can be acute or chronic?

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Chronic conditions of tubulointerstitial disease include

Answer 3

fibrosis and atrophy

Question 4

Acute conditions of tubulointerstitial disease include

Answer 4

rapid onset characterized mainly by edema

Question 5

Infection of kidney tissue and pelvis

Answer 5

pyelonephritis

Question 6

True or false: pyelonephritis is only acute

Answer 6

False

It can be acute or chronic

Question 7

Main cause of acute pyelonephritis?

Answer 7

hematogenous spread of bacteria or infection via the urethra or instrumentation (catheters)

Question 8

What type of bacteria in pyelonephritis?

Answer 8

gram-negative

E.coli or Enterococcus faecalis

Question 9

pus in urine

Answer 9

pyuria

Question 10

Causes of chronic pyelonephritis?

Answer 10

ideopathic or associated with renal obstruction or reflux
abscess formation
recurrent or persistent infection from urinary obstruction or urinary reflux

Question 11

s/sx acute pyelonephritis

Answer 11

flank pain
fever/chills
frequency
dysuria

Question 12

Most common cause of rapid acute kidney failure

Answer 12

acute tubular necrosis

Question 13

What are the 2 categories of ATN

Answer 13

ischemic

nephrotoxic

Question 14

What type of ATN results from decreased perfusion or inadequate oxygenation to renal tubules

Answer 14

ischemic

Question 15

What type of ATN results from a number of agents that directly and specifically damage the renal tubules

Answer 15

nephrotoxic

Question 16

Name risks for ATN

Answer 16

blood transfusion reactions
injury or trauma to the muscles (rhabdomyolosis)
recent surgery
exposure to direct toxins (drugs or infection)

Question 17

A direct toxin to kidneys

Answer 17

myoglobin

Question 18

Serious clinical consequences such of CHF and pulmonary edema from acute renal failure are r/t

Answer 18

metabolic acidosis
e-lyte imbalances
fluid imbalances

Question 19

Three phases of ATN

Answer 19

initiation
maintenance
recovery

Question 20

Which ATN phase is characterized by oliguria and has most fatalities in this phase

Answer 20

maintenance phase

Question 21

What is morbidity and mortality during maintenance due to?

Answer 21

rentention of waste products
fluid retention
development of HTN

Question 22

What phase of ATN is dominated by azotemia and usually lasts several hours

Answer 22

initiation phase

Question 23

The ATN phase that is characterized by profuse diuresis with continued recovery of renal function

Answer 23

recovery phase

Question 24

True or false: ATN is not reversible

Answer 24

False
It is treatable and reversible
The treatment of ATN focuses on preventing the excess buildup of fluids and wastes, while allowing the kidneys to heal.

Question 25

The decrease in urine output is due to

Answer 25

decreased GFR