tumor Flashcards by Chrystina James

epiphyseal tumor in a child

chondroblastoma

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epiphyseal tumor in an adult

giant cell or clear cell chondrosarcoma

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tumor in tibial shaft in adult and child

adult - adamantimoma, child - osteofibrous dysplasia

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where will the test usually show osteosarcoma and ewing’s sarcoma in a kid?

osteosarc usually metaphyseal, ewing’s usually diaphyseal

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treatment for parosteal osteosarcoma

surgery only

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3 common chemos used in osteosarcoma

doxorubicin, cisplatin, high dose methotrexate

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most common side effect of doxorubicin

cardiomyopathy

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most common side effect of cisplatin

ototoxicity

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first and second most common pediatric bone cancer

osteosarcoma first, ewings sarcoma second

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positive stains in Ewings

CD99, FLI1

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what stains CD1a+?

LCH

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what stains CD20+?

lymphoma

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what stains myogenin+?

rhabdomyosarcoma

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t(11;22) EWS-FLI1

Ewing’s

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chemo regimen for Ewing’s

VAC-IE - vincristine, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide, etoposide

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what causes fibrous dysplasia?

GNAS mutation -> g-protein defect -> increased cAMP

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CD34+

angiosarcoma

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what are the neoplastic cells in giant cell tumor?

preosteoblasts that express RANKL

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brachyury+

chordoma

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most common primary bone tumor in hand

enchondroma

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soft tissue tumor deep to serratus anterior

elastofibroma, observe but remove if symptomatic

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soft tissue sarcoma thats beta catenin positive

desmoid tumor

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soft tissue sarcomas that go to lymph nodes

RACES - rhabdomyosarcoma, angiosarcoma, clear cell, epithelioid, synovial

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translocation in myxoid liposarcoma

t(12;16), TLS-CHOP

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translocation in synovial sarcoma

t(x;18) SYT/SSX

soft tissue sarcoma EMA+ and keratin+

synovial sarcoma

most common soft tissue sarcoma in children

rhabdomyosarcoma

translocation in rhabdomyosarcoma

t(2;13) PAX3/PAX7-FKHR

translocation in clear cell sarcoma

t(12;22), EWS-ATF1

soft tissue sarcoma radiation protocol

5000 cGy over 5 weeks preop, 6600 cGy over 6 weeks post op

how does photon radiation work?

creates free radicals capable of causing lethal DNA strand breaks

what does IDH1 and 2 treat?

chondrosarcoma

what is Jaffe-campanacci syndrome?

multiple NOFs, cafe au lait spots, hypogonadism, cognitive delay

what is mazabraud syndrome?

polyostotic fibrous dysplasia and myxomas

what is hand-schuller-christian syndrome?

multifocal skeletal LCH + diabetes insipidus

what is letterer-siwe syndrome?

multifocal LCH (+extra-skeletal)

CD138+

multiple myeloma

CD45+

lymphoma, leukemia

CD99+

Ewing's

symptoms of multiple myeloma

CRAB - hyperCalcemia, renal insufficiency, anemia, bone manifestations. also prone to VTE

diaphyseal tumors

AEIOUY - adamantimoma, eosinophilic granuloma, infection, osteoid osteoma/otseoblastoma, ewing, mYeloma, lYmphoma, fibrous dYsplasia

translocation in myxoid chondrosarcoma

t(9;22), EWS-CHN

genetic association in Olliers and Mafuccis

PTHR1

summarize the Enneking staging system

I - low grade, II - high grade, III - any mets. A - intra-compartmental, B - extra-compartmental

risks of pre vs post op radiation

pre op - wound healing, post op - fibrosis

most common soft tissue sarcoma in hand and wrist

epithelioid sarcoma

most common soft tissue sarcoma in foot and ankle

synovial sarcoma

which soft tissue sarcoma requires CT abd/pelvis in addition to CT chest?

liposarcoma

inheritance of NF

autosomal dominant

rate of chondrosarcoma with regular osteochondroma and in MHE

1%, 10% in MHE

blue cell tumors

LERNM (learn 'em) - lymphoma, ewing sarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, neuroblastoma, myeloma

lymphoma treatment

multiagent chemo (CHOP), consolidative radiation

treatment for adamantimoma

wide-margin surgical resection

ABC initial treatment

open curettage

UBC initial treatment

aspiration/injection

which tibial lesion is fibroosseous with rimming osteoblasts

osteofibrous dysplasia

what factors are released during bone resorption that stimulate tumor cells to multiply and release more PTHrP

TGF-B, IGF-1, calcium

loss of INI1 expression

epithelioid sarcoma (most common sarcoma of hand)

molecular pathway targeted in tenosynovial giant cell tumor of tendon sheath

CSF-1, plexidartinib

what other condition is MHE associated with?

madelung's

chondrosarcoma treatment

wide resection

how do tumor cells metastasize

secrete PTHrP -> release of RANKL from osteoblasts -> binds RANK-R on osteoclast precursors. if G-CSF present osteoclasts activate and resorb bone, resorption releases TGF-B, IGF-1, calcium, these stimulate tumor cells to multiply and release more PTHrP

SATB2 positive

osteosarc

3 most common primary bone sarcomas

1 - osteosarc. 2 - chondrosarc. 3 - ewings

histo showing chicken wire calcifications and cobblestone appearance

chondroblastoma

genetic association with maffuccis and ollier's

PTHR1

tumor Flashcards

(66 cards)