Tumour Spread Flashcards
(15 cards)
What is a neoplasm?
An abnormal mass of tissue with growth that exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal tissues, persisting excessively after the stimuli cease.
The term neoplasm is derived from the Greek words ‘neo’ meaning new and ‘plasma’ meaning formation or growth.
What does the term ‘tumor’ refer to?
An abnormal swelling or neoplasm.
The term ‘tumor’ is derived from the Greek word ‘onkos’, which means swelling.
Define neoplasia.
New growth.
Neoplasia refers specifically to the process of abnormal and excessive growth of cells.
What does the word ‘cancer’ mean?
Malignant tumors.
The term cancer is derived from the Latin word for crab, reflecting the crab-like spread of the disease.
True or False: A neoplasm can be coordinated with normal tissue growth.
False.
Neoplasms grow independently and excessively compared to normal tissues.
What is invasive cancer?
Cancer that has spread beyond its original site and invades surrounding tissues.
Invasive cancer can affect various organs and is often more aggressive.
Define in situ cancer.
A type of cancer that is confined to the site of origin and has not invaded surrounding tissues.
This is considered non-invasive.
What is dysplasia?
Abnormal development or growth of cells, tissues, or organs characterized by changes in cell size, shape, and organization.
What is hyperplasia?
An increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ, leading to an increase in its size.
What characterizes carcinoma in situ?
Marked dysplastic changes involving the entire thickness of the epithelium, but the lesion remains confined by the basement membrane.
This condition is non-invasive.
What is metastasis?
The spread of tumor to sites that are physically discontinuous with the primary tumor.
It is a feature of malignant neoplasms.
List the pathways for metastases.
- Direct seeding of body cavities or surfaces (transcoelomic)
- Lymphatic spread
- Hematogenous spread
Which body cavity is most frequently involved in metastasis from ovarian cancer?
Peritoneal cavity.
What is the significance of metastasis in cancer?
It indicates a more advanced stage of cancer and often correlates with a poorer prognosis.
True or False: Metastasis can only occur through direct contact with adjacent tissues.
False.
