Tut 8 Done + timeline

Question 1

Define attachment:

Answer 1

Tendency to be close or in contact with a specific caregiver in times of distress.

Question 2

Why does a child need a caregiver because:

Answer 2

• to explore environment to become more knowledgeable & competent
• usually mother as caregiver

Question 3

What is the secure base phenomen ?

Answer 3

While exploring a child always comes back to caregiver or close and then continuous exploring

Question 4

Name the evaluation aspects of attachment:

Answer 4

• It`s innate (u are born with it) but develops due to experience

Question 5

Name the 4 phases of bowbly theory:

Answer 5

• Pre-Attchment
• Attachment in the making
• Clear - Cut attachment
• Reciprocal relationship

Question 6

1. Name the signs of the Pre-Attchment phase:

Answer 6

• Birth till 6 weeks
• Insecured/random orienting
• Baby are tuned to certain peoples origin (mothers voice)
• Infant produces signals to caregivers (crying smiling grasping = aslo called precursor)

Question 7

2. Name the signs of the Attachment in the making:

Answer 7

• 6 weeks to 6-8 month
• Adapts to limited number of caregivers
• Form expectations of caregiver reactions
• Preference limited
• Attachment behavior is preferentially directed:
  crying smiling grasping babble more frequently showed to caregiver beacuse of reaction !

Question 8

What is Preference limited:

Answer 8

• with enough effort everyone can take the role of caregiver

Question 9

3. Name the signs of the Clear - Cut attachment:

Answer 9

• From 6/8 months to 1 and a half
• Actively seek proximity to specific attachment figure
• Egocentric infants
• Person-permanence
• Separation causes intense separation anxiety

Question 10

What is meant by egocentric infants ?

Answer 10

• child is not aware that caregiver have their own interested

Question 11

What is meant by person-permanence ?

Answer 11

• awareness of existence of this person even when out of view

Question 12

Name the signs of Reciprocal relationship ?

Answer 12

• Separation distress declines
• mental representation of their attachment relationships shaped by experience
• More balanced relationship due to increase of language and cognitive(understanding of feelings) abilities

Question 13

What is the internal workig model of attachment?

Answer 13

Mental representation of self, attachment figures and relationships in general, developed in end of process of bowbly theory.

Question 14

Name the 3 phases of breaking relatonship (detachment) also find in death experience.

Answer 14

First a someone experience protest, next despair and at the end detachment.

Question 15

Name the signs of (protest) detachment/breaking relatonship:

Answer 15

• state of panic / child tries to undo separation with all means available
• Immediatley

Question 16

Name the signs of (despair) detachment / breaking relatonship:

Answer 16

• Apears after a few days

- child is fixated on absent parents but has fallen into passivity

Question 17

Name the signs of (detachment) detachment /breaking relatonship :

Answer 17

• After a few weeks

- starts to again be more interested in environment & is ready to interact with other caregivers.

Question 18

Name the methods of strange situation procedure: by Ainsworth (8 Steps)

Answer 18

• longitudinal study
  1. Child and caregiver enter unfamiliar room with toys (
  2. Caregiver & child spend time together
  3. Stranger enters, reads and after a while plays with the infant
  4. Caregiver leaves
  5. Caregiver returns
  6. Caregiver and stranger leave
  7. Stranger returns
  8. Caregiver returns
• > Afterwards the four differrent attachemnt stylyes were developed

Question 19

Name the 4 secure attachment style

Answer 19

• Secure attachment style
• insecure (avoident attachment style)
• Insecure (Ambivalent attachment style)
• Disorganized attachment style

Question 20

Signs regarding the experimet of secure attachment style:

Answer 20

• Infants actively seek proximity to caregiver after reunion
• Communicate feeling of distress openly-> simply go back to exploring afterwards
• Uses caregiver as secure base for exploration

Question 21

Signs regarding the experimet of Avoidant / Insecure attachment style:

Answer 21

Don’t seem distressed (although they are) and ignore/avoid caregiver upon reunion
- easily calmed down by stanger as well as parent

Question 22

Signs regarding the experimet of Ambivalent / Insecure attachment style:

Answer 22

• Often clingy from the very beginning & get very upset when mother leaves the room
• not able to return to play and exploration
• Up and downs on proximity seeking and proximity resistance

Question 23

Signs regarding the experimet of Disorganized attachment style:

Answer 23

• Often abused by parents / parent died
• Not reasonable overall behaviour (no consistency as well)
• They want to be closed to mother but at same time, they view her as source of fear
• coping skills

Question 24

Define sensitivityregarding attachment:

Answer 24

• ability to perceive and interpret children’s attachment signals correctly
• The more sensitive, also the more responsiveness, parents are the more secure the children are (If not then visa versa)
• mothers bound is stronger

Question 25

What does the AAI style mean and show:

Answer 25

AAI -> showed that parents give there child the same attachment as they perceived

Question 26

Define temperament regarding attachement

Answer 26

- it is the reactivity to stress and novelty and anxiety of a child.

Question 27

Name the 4 categorization of adults dealing with negative past experience regarding attachment style:

Answer 27

- Autonomous / Secure - Insecure-Dismissing - Insecure-Preoccupied - Unresolved

Question 28

Name the signs of the | Autonomous / Secure stage:

Answer 28

- Ideal stage | - describes attachment-related experiences (negative/ positive) without idealisation or other contradictions

Question 29

Name the signs of the | Insecure-Dismissing stage:

Answer 29

- either has positive evaluation of past experience attachment styles but does not remember much - or Has but (not sure) tries to minimize attachment concerns (bad experience but does not want talk about it

Question 30

Name the signs of the | Insecure-Preoccupied stage:

Answer 30

- Still influenced by past attachment experiences - Feel mistreated and angry - Unable to tell past story fluent and securly - Has /mentions attachment concerns

Question 31

Name the signs of the | Unresolved stage:

Answer 31

- Discuss experiences of loss/ potential trauma in a disoriented way as if they were still struggling

Question 32

Long term effects of a good attachment style

Answer 32

- More socially skilled - better adjusted to new circumstances - Closer & more harmonious relationships with peers

Question 33

Name the 4 parenting styles

Answer 33

1. Authoritative Parenting 2. Authoritarian Parenting 3. Permissive Parenting 4. Negligent Parenting

Question 34

Name the signs of Authoritative Parenting (parents role and child development): - Also regarding 3 dimensions

Answer 34

- most optimal style - Leads to secure attachment - parents act: Not intrusive (aufdringlich) permit freedom (no supervision) clear boundaries, respond to needs - Child will be like: Energetic, confident, friendly, social, popular children - High on all three dimesniosn

Question 35

Name the signs of Authoritarian Parenting (parents role and child development): - Also regarding 3 dimensions

Answer 35

- Parents act: unresponsive to children’s’ needs, harsh, and have the need of power - Child we be like: low cognitive & social competence, lack self-confidence, are unfriendly and vulnerable to stressors - low for first two dimensions high on last

Question 36

Name the signs of Permissive Parenting (parents role and child development): - Also regarding 3 dimensions

Answer 36

- Parents act: responsive to need but do not regulate them - Child will be like: impulsive and lack of control - does not respect child’s individuality - High on first dimesion and low of other two

Question 37

Name the signs of Negligent Parenting (parents role and child development) - Also regarding 3 dimensions

Answer 37

- worst parenting style - leads to insecure-avoidant and fearful-avoidant attachments - parents act like - Parents focus on own rather than children’s needs /fail to watch activity of child - chiild will be like: unvalued

Question 38

Name the 3 dimesions of the parenting style:

Answer 38

- Warm and responsive involvement. - Let the child be who it wants to be . - Demands for age-appropriate behavior, limit-setting and monitoring

Question 39

Name the correspondence between parental attachment and infant attachment:

Answer 39

Insecure-dismissing parents = Develop avoidant attachments with their children. 2. Autonomous/secure parents = Relate in secure way to their children. 3. Insecure-preoccupied parents – Inclined to have ambivalent children. 4. Unresolved parents = Tend to have disorganized infants.

Question 40

two dimension working model in correspondence of attachments style:

Answer 40

1. Secure attachment – Positive self/ Positive other. 2. Dismissing-avoidant – Positive self/Negative other. 3. Preoccupied – Negative self/Positive other. 4. Fearful-avoidant – Negative self/Negative other.