Two Medical

Question 1

anabolism

Answer 1

Process of building up large protein from small protein pieces called amino acids. (Ana- means up, bol means to cast, and -ism is a process.)

Question 2

catabolism

Answer 2

Process whereby complex nutrients are broken down to simpler substances and energy is released. Cata- means down, bol means to cast, and -ism is a process.)

Question 3

cell membrane

Answer 3

Structure surrounding and protecting the cell. It determines what enters and leaves the cell

Question 4

chromosomes

Answer 4

Rod-shaped structures in the nucleus that contain regions of DNA called genes. There are 46 chromosomes (23 pairs) in every cell except for egg and sperm, which contain 23 individual, unpaired chromosomes.

Question 5

cytoplasm

Answer 5

All of the material that is outside the nucleus and yet contained within the cell membrane.

Question 6

DNA

Answer 6

Deoxyribonucleic Acid. Chemical found within each chromosome. Arranged like a sequence of recipes in code, it directs the activities of the cell.

Question 7

endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 7

Network of canals within the cytoplasm of the cell. Here, large proteins are made from smaller protein pieces.

Question 8

genes

Answer 8

Regions of DNA within each chromosome.

Question 9

karyotype

Answer 9

Picture of chromosomes in the nucleus of the cell. The chromosomes are arranged in numerical order to determine their number and sequence.

Question 10

metabolism

Answer 10

Total of the chemical processes in a cell. It includes catabolism and anabolism. Meta- means change, bol means to cast, -ism means a process.

Question 11

mitochondria

Answer 11

Structures in the cytoplasm that provide the principal source of energy (miniature “power plants”) for the cell. Catabolism is the process that occurs in mitochondria. (From Greek mitos meaning thread and chondrion meaning granule.)

Question 12

nucleus

Answer 12

Control center of the cell. It contains chromosomes and directs the activities of the cell.

Question 13

adipose tissue

Answer 13

Collection of fat cells.

Question 14

cartilage

Answer 14

Flexible connective tissue often attached to bones at joints. Cartilage forms part of the external ear and the nose. Rings of cartilage surround the trachea.

Question 15

epithelial cells

Answer 15

Skin cells that cover the outside of the body and line the internal surfaces of organs.

Question 16

histologist

Answer 16

Specialist who studies tissues.

Question 17

larynx

Answer 17

Voice box: located in the upper part of the trachea.

Question 18

pharynx

Answer 18

Throat. The pharynx serves as the common passageway for food (from the mouth going to the esophagus) and air (from nose to the trachea).

Question 19

ureter

Answer 19

One of two tubes, each leading from a single kidney to the urinary bladder.

Question 20

urethra

Answer 20

Tube from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body.

Question 21

uterus

Answer 21

Womb; the organ that holds the embryo/fetus as it develops.

Question 22

viscera

Answer 22

Internal organs.

Question 23

abdominal cavity

Answer 23

space below the chest containing organs such as the liver, stomach, gallbladder, and intestines; also called the abdomen or the peritoneal cavity.

Question 24

cranial cavity

Answer 24

Space in the head containing the brain and surrounded by the skull. Cranial means “pertaining to the skull”.

Question 25

diaphragm

Answer 25

Muscle separating the abdominal and thoracic cavities. The diaphragm moves up and down and aids in breathing.

Question 26

dorsal (posterior)

Answer 26

Pertaining to the back.

Question 27

mediastinum

Answer 27

Centrally located space outside of and between the lungs.

Question 28

pelvic cavity

Answer 28

Space below the abdomen containing portions of the intestines, rectum, urinary bladder, and reproductive organs. Pelvic means "pertaining to the pelvis", composed of the hip bones and surrounding the pelvic cavity.

Question 29

peritoneum

Answer 29

Double-folded membrane surrounding the abdominal cavity. The peritoneum attaches abdominal viscera to muscles and functions as a protective membrane (containing blood vessels and nerves) around the organs.

Question 30

pleura

Answer 30

Double-folded membrane surrounding each lung. Pleural means "pertaining to the pleura".

Question 31

pleural cavity

Answer 31

Space between the pleural layers.

Question 32

spinal cavity

Answer 32

Space within the spinal column (backbones) containing the spinal cord. Also called the spinal canal.

Question 33

thoracic cavity

Answer 33

Space in the chest containing the heart, lungs, bronchial tubes, trachea, esophagus, and other organs.

Question 34

ventral (anterior)

Answer 34

Pertaining to the front.

Question 35

hypochondriac

Answer 35

Right and left upper regions beneath the ribs.

Question 36

epigastric

Answer 36

Middle upper region above the stomach.

Question 37

lumbar

Answer 37

Right and left middle region near the waist.

Question 38

umbilical

Answer 38

Central region near the navel.

Question 39

inguinal

Answer 39

Right and left lower regions near the groin. Also called the iliac region.

Question 40

hypogastric

Answer 40

Middle lower region below the umbilical region.

Question 41

RUQ

Answer 41

Right upper quadrant.

Question 42

LUQ

Answer 42

Left upper quadrant.

Question 43

RLQ

Answer 43

Right lower quadrant.

Question 44

LLQ

Answer 44

Left lower quadrant.

Question 45

cervical

Answer 45

Neck region (C1 to C7)

Question 46

thoracic

Answer 46

Chest region (T1 to T12)

Question 47

lumbar

Answer 47

Loin (waist) region (L1 to L5)

Question 48

sacral

Answer 48

Region of the sacrum (S1 to S5)

Question 49

coccygeal

Answer 49

Region of the coccyx (tailbone).

Question 50

vertebra

Answer 50

Single backbone.

Question 51

vertebrae

Answer 51

Backbones.

Question 52

spinal column

Answer 52

Bone tissue surrounding the spinal cavity.

Question 53

spinal cord

Answer 53

Nervous tissue within the spinal cavity.

Question 54

disk (disc)

Answer 54

Pad of cartilage between the vertebrae.

Question 55

anterior (ventral)

Answer 55

Front surface of the body.

Question 56

deep

Answer 56

Away from the surface.

Question 57

distal

Answer 57

Far from the point of attachment to the trunk or far from the beginning of the structure.

Question 58

frontal (coronal) plane

Answer 58

Vertical plane dividing the body or structure into anterior and posterior portions.

Question 59

inferior (caudal)

Answer 59

Below another structure; pertaining to the tail or lower portion of the body.

Question 60

lateral

Answer 60

Pertaining to the side.

Question 61

medial

Answer 61

Pertaining to the middle or near the medial plane of the body.

Question 62

posterior (dorsal)

Answer 62

Back surface of the body.

Question 63

prone

Answer 63

Lying on the belly (face down, palms up).

Question 64

proximal

Answer 64

Near the point of attachment to the trunk or near the beginning of a structure.

Question 65

sagittal (lateral) plane

Answer 65

Lengthwise, vertical plane dividing the body or structure into right and left sides. From the Latin sagitta, meaning arrow. As an arrow is shot from a bow it enters the body in the sagittal plane, dividing right from left. The midsagittal plane divides the body into the right and left halves.

Question 66

superior (cephalic)

Answer 66

Above another structure; pertaining to the head.

Question 67

superficial

Answer 67

On the surface.

Question 68

supine

Answer 68

Lying on the back (face up, palms up).

Question 69

transverse (axial) plane

Answer 69

Horizontal (cross-sectional) plane dividing the body into upper and lower portions.