Tx of LRTI Flashcards
(33 cards)
How long does acute bronchitis take to resolve?
1-3 weeks. Symptoms are self-limited
Non-pharmacological Tx of acute bronchitis
Nonpharmacologic options for cough relief such as throat lozenges,
hot tea, honey, steam inhalation, adequate hydration and/or smoking
cessation or avoidance of second-hand smoke is a reasonable first
step.
3 types of cough preparations
Antitussives
Mucolytics
Expectorants
What should you exclude in a pt with acute bronchitis?
Exclude underlying bronchiectasis or acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis
What are the signs and symptoms of acute on chronic bronchitis? (5)
wheeze
* breathlessness
* tightness of the chest
* respiratory distress
* cough
T/F bronchospasm is fully reversible with COPD
F. It is partially reversible
Explain the Mx of acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis
- Regular doses of short acting bronchodilators (SABA, SAMA)
-short acting muscarinic agonist - Supplemental Oxygen (24-28%)
- Oral corticosteroids: Prednisone, PO, 30mg daily for 5 days
What is the management of acute INFECTIVE exacerbation of chronic bronchitis?
Amoxicillin, oral, 8 hourly for 5 days.
Doxycycline PO for 5 days if severe pen allergy.
(Pt must take full glass of water when taking Doxycyclin)
Name two structures of Influenza found that are important in influenza
It is has neuraminidase and haemagglutinin
Name 2 drugs that act as Neuraminidase inhibitors?
Oseltamivir
Zanamivir (Inhalor formulation)
When should Oseltamivir Tx be initiated?
Initiate tx within 24-48 hours of onset of symptoms reduce duration by less than 1 day
List pt groups that are high risk for influenza
Pregnant women
Immunocompromised children <2
Who is eligible for influenza PEP?
PEP only for high-risk close contacts (within 48 hours of exposure)
Adverse effects of Oseltamivir
N&V (report of fatal neuropsychiatric AEs)
How is the influenza vaccine formulated?
2 strains from influenza A and 1 or 2 strains from Influenza B
Who is eligible for the influenza vaccine? (6)
-Pregnant women
-HCWs
-HIV+ pts
-Elderly (>65yrs)
-Residents of Old age homes
-Chronic care facilities
How long does the vaccine take to become effective?
Takes 2-3 weeks
AEs of influenza vaccine
uncommon, myalgia, fever, headache and nausea
Contraindications of influenza vaccine
known hypersensitivity to egg protein
In the treatment of Covid-19, Which drug is recommended for pts requiring supplemental O2 or on mechanical ventilation
Dexamethasone
Which drug is recommended for venous thromboembolism prophylaxis dosing is
recommended for all hospitalised patients?
Heparin
Which drug is recommended for pts requiring only supplemental oxygen+
Baricitinib
What is the vital signs criteria for mild covid-19 infection?
SpO2≥95% on room air
* Respiratory rate <25
* Heart rate <120
* Temp 36-39°C
* Mental status normal
What is the vital signs criteria for severe covid-19 infection?
- Breathless at rest or while talking
- Respiratory rate ≥ 25
- BP < 90/60
- Pulse rate > 120
- Confused or agitated
- Unable to walk without help
- Oxygen saturation < 95%
- Coughs ≥ 1 tablespoon fresh blood
