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types of immune cells Flashcards

1
Q

how do we ID cells

A

by CD markers

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2
Q

first b cell development

A

pro b cell

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3
Q

how is a pro b cell made

A

based on cytokines they come in contact with

-drive a cell from immature to mature

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4
Q

where does b cell development begin

A

bone marrow

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5
Q

what cells release interleukin 7

A

stromal bone marrow cells

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6
Q

earliest markers on Pro B cell

A

CD43, CD45, C-kit, CD19

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7
Q

what is found on cells that tells you it is a lymph

A

Tdt (found on b and t cells)

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8
Q

what does C-kit do

A

Tells pro b cells to go on and continue to develop

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9
Q

what marker is an indicator of a b cell

A

CD19

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10
Q

major events on a pre-b cell

A

-development of heavy chain of Mu cell

-alpha and beta chains

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11
Q

heavy chain of Mu purpose

A

-non functional antibody
-necessary to receive signals and cytokines for b cells to continue development

-NON attached

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12
Q

what type of class is heavy chain Mu cell

A

IgM monomer
-have surrogate light chains (not attached)

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13
Q

alpha and beta chains also receive signals from

A

the stromal cells

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14
Q

what marker is starting to be seen in Pre-b cell

A

CD20

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15
Q

difference between immature b cell and pre- b

A

in immature there is no Mu chain in cytoplasm

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16
Q

in immature b cell there is sitting monomeric IgM sitting on the surface but what is different

A

now complete monomeric light chain because light chains attached to heavy chain

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17
Q

what CD marker is seen in immature B cell

A

CD21

-receptor site for epstein bar virus- infects b cells

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18
Q

what MHC markers do b cells get

A

class 2

-used for antigen presentation for T cell
-B cells good APC and at making antibodies

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19
Q

MHC class 2 present antigen to

A

T helper cell

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20
Q

in immature b cell what is introduced

A

self antigens

-if immature b cell reacts against self= apoptosis

90% of b cell destroyed

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21
Q

mature b cell will travel to

A

spleen or lymph nodes

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22
Q

if travel to spleen called

A

marginal zone B cells

-will stay here
-fight blood borne pathogens

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23
Q

if go to lymph nodes called

A

follicular zone b cells
-will enter circulation
-show IgD on surface for a signal receptor
-if not IgD will die

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24
Q

if a mature b cell does not come in contact with antigen after a few days

A

it will die

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25
if b cell comes in contact with antigen will
go through blast transformation
26
From Pro- Pre- Immature- Mature: Known as
antigen independent stages (developed and grown with no antigen)
27
when antigen introduced called
activated b cells
28
in activated b cells both IgD and monomeric IgM
crosslink of antigen between 2 Fab units of these molecules
29
CD marker of activated b cells
CD25 -main signal received is interleukin 2
30
interleukin 2 released by
T helper cells -helps activate every immune cell
31
what is capping
All IgM and IgD on one side of cell
32
once activated b cell now will either produce
plasma cells or memory cells
33
plasma cells
-produce antibodies -antibodies are not made in liver
34
if you see plasma cell in peripheral blood
ABNORMAL
35
plasma cell CD markers
CD38 CD138
36
memory cells
longest lived of cells -remain inactive for years -exist in large numbers in germinal centers -seen in t and b cells
37
major players of cell mediated immunity
t cells -seen in intracellular organisms, transplants, and tumor cells
38
what do t cells secrete
cytokines
39
T cells will recognize antigens based on
MHC molecules -free or soluble antigens will not stimulate t cells -ANtigen must be presented to t cell
40
what percent of lymphs are t cells
70-80%
41
4 Major effects of T cell activation
* Helper * Regulatory * Cytotoxic -Delayed Hypersensitivity
42
t cell development takes place in
thymus
43
early t cell development begins in
cortex see production of thymocytes
44
thymocyte markers
tdt, CD2, CD3
45
what thymocyte markers persist for life
CD2 and CD3
46
CD3 hook up with another protein to become
CD3 complex --- important antigen receptor
47
in early development what markers are lacking
No CD4 or CD8 --- so called double negative T cells
48
t cells have consistent contact with
dendritic cells, epi cells, and other ones that will elicit cytokines and help T cells decide what it wants to become
49
what interleukin allows major cytokines to allow T cell to continue to develop
7
50
what occurs for the change of double negative to double positive
gene arrangement CD4 and CD8= ++
51
what does CD3 hook up with and becomes 1 unit and is major in receiving antigens
TCR- t cell receptor marker
52
if t cell binds to self antigen
apoptosis
53
if t cell doesn't bind to self antigen
becomes CD4 or CD8 and exit the thymus known as clonal deletion -only 5% not destroyed
54
where do t cells move after not binding to self antigen
medulla -become CD4 or CD8
55
t helper cells go on and become a
subset of helper cells
56
Th1
release gamma interferon, interleukin 2, and tumor necrosis factor -these help immune system increase capability
57
Th2
release more interleukin 4 and 5 -also known as B cell growth factor
58
Th17
-release interleukin 17 -inflammatory cytokine; responsible for anemia of chronic inflammation -looked for COVID pt
59
T regulatory cells --
t suppressor cells
60
CD8 cells also known as
cytotoxic t cells -release cytokines to do cell to cell killing -involved in intracellular pathogens
61
what is started by binding of an antigen with an antigen receptor on a mature T cell
CMI?
62
antigen is presented in an
epitope -- fragments or peptides of original antigen 10-20 amino acids long with amino dominant peptides
63
If antigen is exogenous antigen---
will hook up with MHC class 2 molecule to be presented
64
If antigen is endogenous antigen/ altered self----
will hook up with MHC class 1 molecule to be presented
65
endogenous/exogenous hook up called
priming
66
all t cells have what marker
CD2 -CD2 receptor for CD58
67
what hookup starts the whole process of the immune system
ICAM-1 (intercellular adhesion molecule) and LFA-1 (lymphocyte function associated antigen)
68
CD3 hooks up with
TCR combined with MHC-II

immuno (5 decks)

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