Types of Programming Language Flashcards

Question

high level language

Answer 1

uses more human readable statements and constructs each line of code will translate to multiple lines of machine code uses an assembler or complier to translate into machine code much more complex and further abstracted from machine code

Answer 2

uses short codes called mnemonics e.g. ADD, R1, R2 or INP X for each mnemonic there is one sequence of 1s and 0s they are slightly more abstracted and easier to read / write an assembler is used to translate from assembly language to machine code

Answer 3

we use 1s and 0s to represent the electrical signals within the computer it's the closest to what is happening on the computer which makes it the least abstract

Answer 4

imperative - focus is on describing how a program operates - made up of statements that will change the programs state using sequence, selection and iteration declarative - focuses on WHAT the program should accomplish

Answer 5

logic functional

Answer 6

object oriented procedural

Answer 7

object oriented - looking at the word as objects which have attributes and methods example: car or plane or person procedural - programs are built from one or more subroutines

Answer 8

procedural - uses sequences, selection and iteration OOP - uses sequence, selection and iteration BUT also have inheritance, objects, classes and encapsulation

Answer 9

procedural - data is stored in local or global variables and passed using parameters to other parts of the program OOP - data can be private to each object, stored in attributes which are retrieved and changed through methods. this concept is encapsulation

Answer 10

procedural - procedures and functions OOP - classes, methods and instances

Answer 11

Procedural - program flows through calls to procedures and functions OOP - objects are created and the objects methods are called when they are needed. Objects interact with other objects whilst the program is still running

Answer 12

different problems need different approaches a 3D game for example will be better suited to OOP as the character, enemies, obstacles, backgrounds etc can be different objects simple quizzes might be suited to procedural languages as OOP would add extra complexity

Answer 13

procedural

Answer 14

declarative - HTML

Answer 15

Declarative - SQL

Answer 16

program control and flow pre-defined functions - sequence - selection - iteration local variables global variables modularity - procedures - functions passing parameters

Answer 17

the language tells the computer what to do by giving step by step instructions features of procedural languages: sequence, selection and iteration code is created in a modular way: Procedure and functions

Answer 18

global variables can be seen in the whole program, every function and procedure

Answer 19

local variables will only be able to be seen in their function on procedure. This is called the SCOPE of the variable

Answer 20

sum (a, b) public static int sum (int start, int end) { int s; s = 0; for (int i = start; i <= end; i++) s += i; return s; } a and b are arguments they are passed to parameter variables this is parameter "passing" the parameter variables are int start and int end a is passed into int start b is passed into int end

Answer 21

the first languages were machine code languages where the programmers entered binary combinations very difficult to read and write it would be easier to have readable words lead to the development of assembly languages which use mnemonics - simple letter codes like ADD, SUB, LDA there is a one-to-one relationship with the mnemonics and the binary instruction the mnemonics are specific to the machines CPU e.g. Intel, ARM, AMD, Qualcomm etc. They are non portable

Answer 22

used to translate the assembly code into machine code

Answer 23

opcode and operand

Answer 24

this is the action to be performed e.g. ADD, LOAD

Answer 25

this is the data or address for the opcode to act on e.g. it could be loading data from an address OR it could be data to add

Answer 26

assembly language is quick to execute as each mnemonic maps onto one machine code can access system features without a separate interface, which would add more time very powerful as you are interacting directly with the machine. You're in control without any extra features a high level language might not do smaller programs - require less memory

Answer 27

each code is dependant on the machine hard to code and time consuming bug prone as there are no debugging features hard to understand need good understanding of hardware

Answer 28

have limited number of tasks size restriction with limited resources e.g. storage and cooling program needs to make efficient use of the processor, storage and power assembly languages can create optimised programs and efficient

Answer 29

device drivers need to interact with peripherals they need them to perform in a specific way assembly languages allow for precise control of hardware the programs run quickly and are efficient

Answer 30

ADD > Add SUB > Subtract STA > Store (STO) LDA > Load (LOAD) BRA > Branch always (BR) BRZ > Branch if zero (BZ) BRP > Branch if positive (BP) INP > Input (IN, INPUT) OUT > Output HLT > End program (COB, END) DAT > Data location

Answer 31

The CPU accesses addressed locations in main memory. there are different modes locations can be addressed

Answer 32

immediate direct indirect indexed

Answer 33

ADD 10 0001 1010 take the following instruction above the 0001 would mean ADD on the instruction set the operand part would actually mean the value NOT address The value here in denary is 8 4 2 1 1 0 1 0 so 8+2 = 10 The actual instruction is ADD 10 The operand specifies a value. This value will be used in the operation

Answer 34

ADD 10 0001 1010 take the following instruction above the operand part would actually mean the address of the value to use we know 1010 = 10 as 8 + 2 is 10 we would go to the address in memory and add the value inside it the address 1010 in RAM is 0000 1110 so we add the value In this case it's 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 so 8 + 4 + 2 = 14 the operand specifies the address of a memory location. The contents of this memory location will be used in the operation

Answer 35

ADD 10 0001 1010 take the following instruction above the operand specifies the address of a memory location which holds the address of another memory location. the contents of the second location will be used in the operation we know 1010 is the 10th address in RAM and it is 0000 1110, we know the denary value of that 8 digit code is 14 so we go to address 14 and use the value there address 14 = 1010 1001 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 so 128 + 32 + 8 + 1 = 169

Answer 36

it means we can address MORE locations

Answer 37

Combines a base address with an index to compute the effective address If BX contains 0050h and SI has a base address 1000h: MOV AX, [BX + SI] // Move the value at memory location 1050h to AX Fetches data from the effective address (because 1000h + 0050h is 1050h) and moves it into the AX register

Answer 38

Class Node{ private data; public procedure new(string d){ data = d; } public void setData(string newData){ data = newData; } public string getData(){ return data } }

Answer 39

Class Node{ private data; public procedure new(string d){ data = d; } public void setData(string newData){ data = newData; } public string getData(){ return data } } listItem = new Node(“Banana”)

Answer 40

Indirect: The operand specifies the address of a memory location which holds the address of another memory location. The contents of the second location will be used in the operation.

Answer 41

Indexed: The operand specifies the address of a memory location. The contents of the index register, which is a dedicated register in the CPU, will be added to the address to determine a second address. The contents of the second location will be used in the operation.

Answer 42

Immediate: The operand specifies a value. This value will be used in the operation. Direct: The operand specifies the address of a memory location. The contents of this memory location will be used in the operation.

Answer 43

Badger Attributes Name: String Age: Integer isMale: Boolean Colour: String Methods getName() setName() getAge() setAge() getGender() setGender() getColour() setColour() This is a badger class It’s very generic and doesn’t fit We can use Inheritance to reuse the code (the attributes and methods) from the badger class and make a more specific class for either a Honey badger or European badger or American badger. This doesn’t affect the original badger class, just extends from it Both the Honey Badger and European Badger inherit the attributes and methods from the Badger class. They can also add their specific attributes and methods Badger is know as the parent class and the Honey Badger and European Badger is known as the child classes. They can still access the attributes and methods from their parent class If you want a inherited method to do something different to the parent class, you can override it in the child class PARENT CLASS Public string getName(){ Return name } CHILD CLASS Public string getName(){ Return ”I am +” name + “a honey badger” } OR Public string getName(){ Return ”I am +” name + “a European badger” } If I want to use the overridden method you would write: hBadger.getName() If you want to use the super class method you would write: hBadger.super.getName()

Answer 44

a low level language closely related to but more advanced than machine code. it uses descriptive names and mnemonics for instructions, and is related to the design of the computer

Answer 45

data recorded as a variable associated with an object

Answer 46

a template defining the attributes and methods that can be used to create a type of data known as an object

Answer 47

the simplest addressing mode in assembly language where the operand stores the memory address of the value to be operated on by the operator

Answer 48

a method of maintaining data integrity by only allowing class methods to access data in an object's attributes

Answer 49

an addressing mode in assembly language where the data in the address field is constant and the operand is the value to be operated on by the operator

Answer 50

an addressing mode in assembly language where the address of the operand required is calculated by adding a constant from the index register to the absolute address in the instruction

Answer 51

an addressing mode is assembly language where the operand stores the address of the location holding the memory address of the required data

Answer 52

the concept of subclasses inheriting the methods and attributes of its parent class (aka its super class)

Answer 53

a program subroutine that represents and action an object can perform

Answer 54

programming languages where the code is made of units called objects, which are instances of a class objects have their own attributes and behaviours that can interact with each other

Answer 55

an instance of a class the behaviour of this data item depends on how its attributes were defined

Answer 56

objects of different classes can use the same method to perform an action

Answer 57

a high level language where statements are groups into self-contained blocks known as functions and procedures they have built in data types and data structures

Answer 58

a style of computation and programming, chosen according to the problem at hand

Answer 59

- can be applied to a wide range of problems - relatively easy to write and interpret

Answer 60

- expert systems / knowledge-based systems - artificial intelligence

Answer 61

sequence selection iteration recursion

Answer 62

assembly language uses mnemonics rather than binary one line in assembly language is equal to one line in machine code

Answer 63

storing the value in the Accumulator at the given memory address

Answer 64

branches to a given address if the value in the Accumulator is positive it is a conditional branch

Answer 65

the opcode specifies the instruction to be performed and the addressing mode the operand holds a value which is related to the data on which the instruction is to be performed

Answer 66

immediate addressing direct addressing indirect addressing indexed addressing

Answer 67

a template for an object that defines the state and behaviour of an object an object is an instance of a class

Answer 68

- requires a different style of thinking which can be difficult for programmers accustomed to other paradigms to pick up - OOP may not be suited to all types of problems - generally unsuitable for smaller problems

Answer 69

Sequencing: This means that the computer will run your code in order, one line at a time from the top to the bottom of your program. It will start at line 1, then execute line 2 then line 3 and so on till it reaches the last line of your program.

Answer 70

Selection: Sometimes you only want some lines of code to be run only if a condition is met, otherwise you want the computer to ignore these lines and jump over them. This is achieved using IF statements. e.g. If a condition is met then lines 4, 5, 6 are executed otherwise the computer jumps to line 7 without even looking at line 4,5 and 6.

Answer 71

Iteration: Sometimes you want the computer to execute the same lines of code several times. This is done using a loop. There are three types of loops: For loops, while loops and repeat until loops. That’s handy as it enables you not to have to copy the same lines of code many times.

Answer 72

sequencing

Answer 73

sequencing

Answer 74

sequencing

Answer 75

functions are expressed in terms of themselves functions are executed calling themselves, until a certain condition known as a base case (which does not call the function) is met

Types of Programming Language Flashcards

(112 cards)