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Inorganic and Organic Chemistry > Types of Reaction > Flashcards

Types of Reaction Flashcards

1
Q

where most organic reactions take place

A

nucleophiles and electrophiles

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2
Q

forms a bond to the electrophilic center of the electrophile

A

nucleophilic center

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3
Q

nucleus loving

A

nucleophile

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4
Q

symbol for nucleophiles

A

Nu: Nu-

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5
Q

electron loving

A

electrophile

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6
Q

symbol for electrophile

A

E+

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7
Q

Reactions can be classified as

A

acid/base reactions
functional group transformations
carbon-carbon bond formations

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8
Q

can also be classified according to the process or mechanism taking place

A

reactions

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9
Q

creating complex molecules from simple starting materials – a process which involve many different reactions

A

synthetic organic chemistry

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10
Q

most reactions in organic chemistry involve what forming bonds to what

A

electron rich molecules to electron deficient molecules

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11
Q

involves the reaction of an acid with a base to give a salt

A

acid/base reactions

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12
Q

one functional group can be converted to another

A

functional group transformations

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13
Q

extremely important to organic chemistry since these are the reactions which allow the chemist to construct complex molecules from simple starting materials

A

carbon-carbon bond formations

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14
Q

reactions that are named after the scientist that developed them

A

Grignard and Aldol reactions

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15
Q

is an organometallic chemical reaction in which carbon alkyl, allyl, vinyl, or aryl magnesium halides (Grignard reagent) are added to the carbonyl groups of either an aldehyde or ketone

A

grignard reaction

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16
Q

unites two carbonyl compounds to form a β-hydroxy-carbonyl product

A

aldol reaction

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17
Q

another way to categorize reactions is to group similar of these together, depending on the process or mechanism involved

A

reactions

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18
Q

reaction category of alkenes and alkynes

A

electrophilic addition

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19
Q

reaction category of aromatic

A

electrophilic substitution

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20
Q

reaction category of aldehydes and ketones

A

nucleophilic addition

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21
Q

reaction category of carboxylic acid and its derivatives

A

nucleophilic substitution

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22
Q

reaction category of alkyl halides/alcohol

A

elimination

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23
Q

reaction category of Alkenes, alkynes, aromatic,aldehydes, ketones, nitriles, carboxylic acids, and carboxylic acid derivatives

A

reduction

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24
Q

reaction category of Alkenes, alcohols, aldehydes

A

oxidation

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25
Q

reaction category of Carboxylic acids, phenols, amines

A

acid/base reactions

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26
Q

occur when an unsaturated reactant becomes a saturated product

A

addition reaction

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27
Q

determine the type of organic reactions in ppt

A

grade yourself accordingly

28
Q

commonly undergo addition reactions (3 reactions)

A

C=C
CΞC
C=O

29
Q

breaks when addition reaction occurs, leaving σ bonds intact

A

π bond

30
Q

occurs when a saturated reactant becomes an unsaturated product

A

elimination reaction

31
Q

reverse of addition reaction

A

elimination reaction

32
Q

typically eliminated in an elimination reaction (2 examples)

A

H and Halogen Atom
H and OH group

33
Q

forms and are the driving force for an elimination reaction

A

HCl (g)
H2O

34
Q

occurs when an atom or group from an added reagent substitutes for one attached to a carbon in the organic reagent

A

substitution reaction

35
Q

at which substitution may be saturated or unsaturated, and X and Y can be many atoms

A

C atom

36
Q

can be organized into five classes based on structural change: substitution, elimination, rearrangement, and oxidation-reduction (redox)

A

organic reactions

37
Q

involve the reorganization of atoms within a molecule

A

rearrangement

38
Q

involve exchanging C-H for C-X bonds or vice versa

A

Redox reactions

39
Q

involve the exchange of one group for another

A

substitution reactions

40
Q

involves the use of an electron-poor reagent (or precursor to an electrophile), the organic substrate acts as an nucleophile

A

electrophilic substitution

41
Q

involves the use of an electron-rich reagent (or precursor to a nucleophile),, the organic substrate acts as an electrophile

A

nucleophilic substitution

42
Q

involve the incorporation of the atoms of one molecule into another. The atoms of the reagent add across the two atoms of a π bond in the organic substrate

A

addition reactions

43
Q

involves the use of an electron-poor reagent (or precursor to an electrophile), the organic substrate acts as an nucleophile

A

electrophilic addition

44
Q

determine the types of substitution reactions

A

grade yourself accordingly

45
Q

determine the types of addition reactions

A

grade yourself accordingly

46
Q

example of typical nucleophiles

A

oxygen
nitrogen
sulfur
water
alcohol
phenols
thymines
thiolds
carboxylates

47
Q

involves the use of an electron reagent (or precursor to a nucleophile), the organic substrate acts an electrophile

A

nucleophilic addition

48
Q

example of electrophiles

A

H3O
BF3
AlCl3
F2
Cl2
Br2
I2

49
Q

why is iodine not typically used in ochem reactions

A

weak electrophile, too unreactive

50
Q

why is fluorine not typically used in ochem reactions

A

too reactive

51
Q

involves the expulsion of a small molecule with
formation of a π bond. Every elimination is the reverse of an addition reaction, and vice versa

A

elimination reactions

52
Q

involve the reorganization of atoms within a molecule

A

rearrangement reactions

53
Q


May take place in a single elementary step

A

rearrangement

54
Q

involve an exchange of C – H for C -X bonds (oxidation) or vice versa (reduction) with a noncommitant reduction or oxidation in the reagent respectively.

A

oxidation

55
Q

exchange of C-H for C-X bonds (reduction/oxidation)?

A

oxidation

56
Q

exchange of C-X bonds with C-H (reduction/oxidation)

A

reduction

57
Q

which is more electronegative, X or H?

A

X

58
Q

determine the type of reaction (3 numbers)

A

grade yourself accordingly

59
Q

depict flow or electrons, now atoms

A

curved arrow diagrams

60
Q

where does the source of the arrow be

A

electrons

61
Q

source electrons can be

A

bond
lone pair
radical

62
Q

target of electrons

A

atoms/nuclei

63
Q

Broadly speaking, reactions are transfer of electrons from ____ to

A

electron dense groups (nucleophiles)
electron deficient ones (electrophiles)

64
Q

have lone pair of electrons or C = C bond

A

nucleophiles

65
Q

have formal positive charge or partial positive charge via bond dipole

A

electrophiles

66
Q

watch the video please

A

give yourself score based on how mch did you retain

Inorganic and Organic Chemistry (19 decks)

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