Typical Development

Question 1

what week are lungs developed

Answer 1

36

Question 2

list gestation divisions:

Answer 2

first: 1-12 weeks
second: 13-26 years
third trimester: 27-40

Question 3

first 8 weeks is (embryo/fetus)

Answer 3

embryo

Question 4

8 weeks until birth (40 wks full gestation) is

Answer 4

fetus

Question 5

common detrimental environmental influences include

Answer 5

STORCH, tobacco, smoke, alcohol, caffein, drugs

Question 6

STORCH stands for?

Answer 6

syphilis
toxoplasmosis
other infections (HIV, Coxsackievirus, varicella zoster)
rubella
CMV
Herpes simplex

Question 7

3 things the child development depends on?

Answer 7

nervous system maturation
genetics
environment

Question 8

directional development

Answer 8

cephalo-caudal
proximal-distal
gross motor-fine motor

Question 9

what do newborns need to do? what do newborns look like?

Answer 9

breathe
suck and swallow

Question 10

what test is performed by delivering medical team to assess the infant?

Answer 10

Apgar score
(appearance, pulse, grimmace, activity, respiration)

higher score (out of 10), better

Question 11

fetal development
premature
extreme premature

Answer 11

38-42 weeks

37 weeks or less
28 weeks or less

Question 12

T/F ribs are kyphotic and vertical on newborns

Answer 12

false (kyphotic, horizontal)

Question 13

ROM differences in newborn

Answer 13

excessive DF
30 degree flxion contractures at hips and knees

dominated by physiological flexion and lack of antigravity muscle control

Question 14

newborn: prone

Answer 14

UE: flexion, hands fisted
LE: high position pelvis
head: turned to one side

Question 15

newborn: supine

Answer 15

LE: abduction, external rotation
UE flexion

head still turned to one side b/c no anti-gravity neck flexion yet and unable to hold at midline

Question 16

T/F it’s normal to see a head lag in a newborn

Answer 16

True (but bad if baby is 4 months old)

newborn: flexion throughout c-spine curve and hips

Question 17

can a newborn sit upright?

Answer 17

NO
head will be forward and head bobbing
because there are sill no anti-gravity extension muscles.

c-curve with flexion throughout spine

Question 18

newborn’s vision: easiest to fixate on a moving object in which 2 directions?

Answer 18

laterally and vertically

Question 19

newborn vision:

prefer what type of contrast? how many inches away?

Answer 19

HIGH contrast
8-9 inches away

Question 20

flexor withdrawal reflex

appears
integrates
stimulus
response

Answer 20

• 28 weeks gestation
• 1-2 months of age
• noxious stimulus ot sole of foot
• flexion withdrawal of leg

Question 21

Crossed extension reflex

appears
integrates
stimulus
response

Answer 21

28 weeks gestation
1-2 months of age approx.
noxious stim of the foot
flexion of stimulated leg and then **extension of opposite leg with adduction **

Question 22

positive support/primary standing reflex

appears
integrates
stimulus
response

Answer 22

appears 35 weeks gestation
integrates 1-2 months
stimulus: hold the baby under arms and support the head, touch his feet to a flat surface. He will extend his legs for 20-30 seoconds and bear a little weight, then collapses into seated position.

Question 23

support and stepping/automatic walking

appears
integrates
stim
response

Answer 23

• 37 weeks gestation
• 3-4 months
• stimulus is pressure at the plantar aspect of foot
• infant will lift one foot then the other, as if taking steps

re-appears at 10-15 months in preparation for walking (steppage gait)

Question 24

rooting

appears
integrates
stim
response

Answer 24

• 28 weeks gestation
• 3 months
• supine, stroke cheeck, baby roots (turns head and lips) toward stimulus

Question 25

sucking relfex appears integrates stim response

Answer 25

- 28 weeks gestation - 3 months - supine, bottle or knuckler, baby sucks symmetrically and strong

Question 26

suck-swallow appears integrates

Answer 26

rhythmic excursion of jaw apears: 28-34 weeks integrates (become voluntary) at 5 months

Question 27

moro reflex appears integrates stim response

Answer 27

- 28 weeks gestation - 3-5 months, disappear around 3 months (3-5) - sudden change in head position (extension) in relation to the trunk - crying, shoulder flexion/abduciton and elbow extension - followed by shoulder extension, adduction and flexion of the elbow

Question 28

ATNR appears integrates stim response

Answer 28

- 20 weeks gestation - 4-5 months - in supine, head rotation elicits: - chin side arm extension, leg extension; and skull side arm flexion and leg flexion

Question 29

palmar grasp appears integrates stim response

Answer 29

- 28 weeks of gestation or as young as 25 - 4-7 months - supine, PT strokes palm of infant - 2 response: finger flexion to enclose the object (finger closure); then pressure applied to the palm produces traction on the fingers' tendons leading ot the clinging action

Question 30

weak palmar grast before six months could mean

Answer 30

peripheral nerve, root injury, plexus, or spinal cord.

Question 31

persistence of the palmar grasp reflex beyong 7 months is present in children with

Answer 31

spastic cerebral palsy

Question 32

palmar grasp reflex can reappear in adulthood, indicating?

Answer 32

cortical lesion affecting medial/lateral frontal cortex (ischemic/hemorrhagic stroke)

Question 33

Tonic labyrinthine reflex (TLR) appears integrated stimulus response

Answer 33

- at birth - by 6 months - prone: flexion tone; supine: extension tone if it's not integrated it will affect function

Question 34

although tonic labyrinthine reflex is present at birth, it's best seen at?

Answer 34

3 months

Question 35

symmetrical tonic neck reflex appears integrates stimulus response

Answer 35

- 4-6 months - 8-12 months - head flexion: arm flex, hip extend - head extension: arm extend, hip flex

Question 36

plantar grasp reflex appears integrates stimulus response

Answer 36

- 28 weeks gestation - 9 months of age - pressure to sole of foot distal to the met heads or supported standing - response: flexion of toes

Question 37

galant appears integrates stimulus response

Answer 37

- 28 weeks gestation - 3-6 months.. 4-6 months.. SHOULD DISSAPEAR BY 9 MONTHS. retenton beyond this point result in probelms like fidgeting and inability to sit still. - supported prone (ventral suspension) stroke one side of infants lateral trunk or paraspinals - trunk laterally flex toward the stimulus

Question 38

at one month

Answer 38

reduced effects of physiologic flexion as extension develops

Question 39

one month: prone:

Answer 39

less UE flexion and hip flexion more anterior tilt HEAD: able to lift head momentarily (more active neck extension)