U 2 P 3

Question 1

ALL is caused by what?

Answer 1

Lymphoid precursor mutation (b and T cells)

Question 2

ALL prognosis is adults is?

Answer 2

Poor

Question 3

ALL is predominantly a disease of?

Answer 3

Children

Question 4

FAB classifies ALL by?

Answer 4

Appearance of blasts

Question 5

ALL is divided into 3 subtypes called?

Answer 5

L1- children usually (b cells)
L2- older children and adults (t cells)
L3-adults, also called Burkett t(8:14) commonly seen

Question 6

Philadelphia chromosome is commonly seen in what kind of leukemia? And where does it take place?

Answer 6

In ALL t(9,22)

Question 7

What are some ALL laboratory data?

Answer 7

Leukocyte count variable
N/N anemia
Severe thrombocytopenia
     Peripheral smear
Predominance of lymphoblasts
Smudge cells

Question 8

ALL chemotherapy is very effective but can result in what?

Answer 8

Lymphoblasts becoming resistant

Question 9

ALL prognosis is?

Answer 9

95% kids achieve remission 80% are cured

Adults 60-85% cured

Question 10

Acute myeloid leukemia results from?

Answer 10

An increased number of immature cells in the bone marrow or in arrested maturation

Question 11

AML general lab findings?

Answer 11

WBC variable 5,000-30,000
Anemia retics low
Platelets low
    Peripheral smear 
Blasts 
NRBC
Possible giant playlets,hypogranularion, hypersegmented neutrophils 
Bone marrow 
20-90% blasts

Question 12

M0 is what FAB leukemia?

Answer 12

Acute myeloblastic leukemiawith minimal differentiation

Question 13

M1 is what FAB leukemia?

Answer 13

Acute myleoblastic leukemia without maturation

Question 14

M2 is what FAB leukemia?

Answer 14

Acute myeloblastic leukemia with maturation

Question 15

M3 is what FAB leukemia?

Answer 15

Acute promyelocytic leukemia

Question 16

M4 is what FAB leukemia?

Answer 16

Acute myelomonocytic leukemia

Question 17

M5 is what FAB leukemia?

Answer 17

Acute monoblastic leukemia

Question 18

M6 is what FAB leukemia?

Answer 18

Acute erythrolekemia

Question 19

M7 is what FAB leukemia?

Answer 19

Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia

Question 20

What are some characteristics of M0 leukemia?

Answer 20

Immunophenotyping is a must
Leukocytes increased
Thrombocytopenia
    Peripheral smear
A LOT of blasts
N/N
CD 13, 33, 34, 38, 117

Question 21

What are some characteristics of M1 leukemia?

Answer 21

Most common in children and adults
Rapid or gradual onset
Ulcerated mucous membranes, occasional tumor mass, bone tenderness
WBC greater than 100,000
Thrombocytopenia
Norma/normo
Look for auer rods
Acquired pelger-huet anomaly

Question 22

What cytochemical stains stain for m1?

Answer 22

Myeloperoxidase, sudan black b, positive

Question 23

What cd markers for m1?

Answer 23

CD13, 33, 34, 117

Prognosis is poor

Question 24

What are some characteristics of M2 leukemia?

Answer 24

t(8,21)
Total leukocyte count increased
N/N, thrombocytopenia
Predominant myeloblasts
Auer rods
MPO/SBB positive
CD13, 33, 65, 15, 11b

Question 25

What are some characteristics of M3 leukemia?

Answer 25

``` 95% caused by t(15;17) (q22;12)Causes malignancy in promyelocytes (stuck) DIC-disseminated intravascular coagulation Leukopenia/leukocytosis Peripheral smear Predominantly promyelocytes Auer rods MPO/SBB/ specific esterase - positive CD33, CD13 Treated with high doses of retinoic ```

Question 26

What are some characteristics of M4 leukemia?

Answer 26

Mixture of malignant monocytic myelocytic cells in the bone marrow Pharyngitis and gingival hyperplasia Varies from leukopenia to leukocytosis Anemia, thrombocytopenia, DIC Erythrophagocytosis Auer rods, promyelocytes, pelger huet anomaly MPO, specific esterase, nonspecific esterase CD, 4, 13, 14, 15, 11b, 34, 36, 64

Question 27

What are some characteristics of M5 leukemia?

Answer 27

``` Hallmark feature extramedullary masses M5a monoblastic M5b monocytic t(p11.2;p13.3) Ulcerations in mouth/rectum Skin lesions Increased CNS involvement 80% of cells have monocytic origin NO auer rods nonspecific esterase positive CD 11b, 11c, 13, 14, 15, 33, 36, 64, 65, 68 Poor prognosis ```

Question 28

What are some characteristics of M6 leukemia?

Answer 28

``` Proliferation of erythroid and myeloid Acute erythroleukemia (erythroid and myeloid) Pure erythroid WBC 50-200 Thrombocytopenia SEVERE megoloblastic anemia Myeloid/erythroid blasts Erythroblasts MPO/SBB negative PAS + Myeloblasts MPO/SBB positive CD 13, 33, 71, 117 Poor prognosis ```

Question 29

What are some characteristics of M7 leukemia?

Answer 29

``` 30% of cells are blast with budding Children with organ Meg Aly and bone lesions 50% megakaryocyte origin Stains are pretty worthless CD 36, 41, 61 Poor prognosis ```